Rectum

Question 1

where is the rectum located?

Answer 1

The rectum is the most distal segment of the large intestine

Question 2

what is the role of the rectum?

Answer 2

temporary store of faeces

Question 3

what is the rectum continuous with proximally?

Answer 3

It is continuous proximally with the sigmoid colon

Question 4

where does the rectum terminate into?

Answer 4

terminates into the anal canal

Question 5

approximately how long is the rectum?

Answer 5

15cm long

Question 6

where does the rectum begin?

Answer 6

at the level of S3 (as a continuation of the sigmoid colon)

Question 7

how is the rectum macroscopically distinct from the colon?

Answer 7

with an absence of taenia coli, haustra, and omental appendices

Question 8

what are the 2 major flexures that mark the course of the rectum?

Answer 8

Sacral flexure

Anorectal flexure – .

Question 9

what is the sacral flexure?

Answer 9

anteroposterior curve with concavity anteriorly

Question 10

what is the anorectal flexure?

Answer 10

anteroposterior curve with convexity anteriorly

Question 11

what does the sacral flexure follow?

Answer 11

follows the curve of the sacrum and coccyx

Question 12

what forms the anorectal flexure?

Answer 12

formed by the tone of the puborectalis muscle, and contributes significantly to faecal continence

Question 13

how many additional lateral flexures are there?

Answer 13

3 additional lateral flexures

Question 14

what are the 3 additional lateral flexures?

Answer 14

superior, intermediate, inferior

Question 15

what are the 3 additional lateral flexures formed by?

Answer 15

transverse folds of the internal rectum wall

Question 16

what is the final segment of the rectum?

Answer 16

the ampulla

Question 17

what happens when the ampulla relaxes?

Answer 17

relaxes to accumulate and temporarily store faeces until defecation occurs

Question 18

what is the ampulla continuous with?

Answer 18

continuous with the anal canal

Question 19

what does the anal canal pass through?

Answer 19

passes through the pelvic floor to end as the anus

Question 20

in the superior third of the rectum, what covers the anterior surfaces and lateral sides?

Answer 20

covered by peritoneum

Question 21

where does the peritoneum cover in the middle third of the rectum?

Answer 21

only has anterior peritoneal covering

Question 22

is there peritoneum in the lower 1/3

Answer 22

no peritoneum associated with it

Question 23

in males, what forms the rectovesical pouch?

Answer 23

the reflection of peritoneum from the rectum to the posterior bladder wall

Question 24

in female, what forms the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

Answer 24

the peritoneum reflects to the posterior vagina and cervix

Question 25

where is the rectum located?

Answer 25

within the pelvic cavity

Question 26

what is the rectum in terms of the pelvic viscera?

Answer 26

most posterior of the pelvic viscera

Question 27

how is the anatomical relations of the rectum in males and females?

Answer 27

different anatomical relations

Question 28

what is anterior to the rectum in males?

Answer 28

``` Rectovesical pouch Sigmoid colon Ileum Bladder Prostate Seminal vesicles ```

Question 29

what is anterior to the female rectum?

Answer 29

``` Rectouterine pouch Sigmoid colon Ileum Vagina Cervix ```

Question 30

what is posterior to the rectum in males and females?

Answer 30

``` Sacrum and coccyx Piriformis Coccygeus Levator ani Sacral plexus ```