References

Question 1

Slump test fact

Answer 1

Sensitivity - 44-87%
specificity - 23-63%

Question 2

Slump test ref

Answer 2

van der Windt 2010

Question 3

Straight leg raise ref

Answer 3

Deville et al 2000

Question 4

ULTT ref

Answer 4

Wainner et al 2003

Question 5

Ankylosing Spondylolisthesis ref

Answer 5

Tam et al 2010

Question 6

Osteoporosis ref

Answer 6

Ross 1997

Question 7

Acupuncture ref

Answer 7

Tarulli & Raynors 2007

Question 8

Nerve root compression ref

Answer 8

Randall Wright & Steven 2010

Question 9

Discogenic lower back pain ref

Answer 9

Vergroesen et al 2015

Question 10

Pain Gate theory ref

Answer 10

Meltzack & Wall 1965

Question 11

Reflex testing ref

Answer 11

Nerzari et al 2013

Question 12

Straight leg raise fact

Answer 12

Sensitivity - 91%
specificity - 26%

Question 13

median nerve fact

Answer 13

Sensitivity - 97%
specificity - 22%

Question 14

radial nerve fact

Answer 14

Sensitivity - 72%
specificity - 75%

Question 15

ulna nerve fact

Answer 15

Sensitivity - 72%
specificity - 33%

Question 16

Ankylosing Spondylolisthesis fact

Answer 16

genetic factor - HLA-B27

Question 17

Osteoporosis fact

Answer 17

female to male ration 2:1

Question 18

Acupuncture fact

Answer 18

acupuncture for acute lumbar radicular pain found positive effect on pain threshold and intensity

Question 19

nerve root compression fact

Answer 19

95% occur at L4/5 or L5/S1

Question 20

Discogenic lower back pain fact

Answer 20

causes are multifactoral
- mechanical overload
- oxidative stress
- metabolic disorders
- genetics

Question 21

Pain gate theory fact

Answer 21

non-painful input close the nerve gate to painful input and prevents painful sensations from reaching the CNS

Question 22

Reflex testing fact

Answer 22

Sensitivity -25-29%
specificity - 75-78%

Question 23

Dermatomes and Myotomes fact

Answer 23

Sensitivity - 83%
specificity - 28%

Question 24

mobilisation sets & reps ref

Answer 24

Pentelka et al 2012

Question 25

mobilisations fact

Answer 25

to induce the greatest local hypoalgesia, at least 4 sets of mobilisations are required. The different durations of 30 versus 60 s of mobilisation may not change the extent of the hypoalgesic effect.

Question 26

Placebo ref

Answer 26

Bialosky et al, 2017

Question 27

placebo fact

Answer 27

The experience or receiving treatment from a trained professional works as a placebo Fear avoidance may be reduced as selective attention to something other than pain.

Question 28

Osteoporosis GCs fact

Answer 28

glucocorticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis and the first cause in young people.

Question 29

Osteoporosis GCs ref

Answer 29

Briot & Roux 2015

Question 30

Dematomes and myotomes ref

Answer 30

Lemeunier et al 2017

Question 31

nerve sliders fact

Answer 31

Cadaveric studies have shown that neural mobilisation increased intra-neural fluid and improve nerve health and function by reducing intra-neural swelling

Question 32

nerve sliders ref

Answer 32

Gilbert et al 2015