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Flashcards in Relations with foreign powers Deck (23)
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1
Q

What year and month was the marriage treaty between Mary and Philip drawn up
&Wyatt’s Rebellion?

A

January 1554

2
Q

What year and month was Mary’s marriage to Philip?

A

July 1554

3
Q

What year does England lose Calais?

A

1558

4
Q

Upon succession what were 2 of Mary’s main aims?

A
  • to restore England to papal supremacy

- to marry Philip, heir to the Spanish throne

5
Q

Why was England dragged into a war against France?

A

due to the main instigator of conflict, the virulently anti-Spanish Pope, Paul IV

6
Q

What was an issue with the fact that England was drawn into a war against France?

A

as this effectively put England at war with the papacy

7
Q

What year did England finally declare war on France?

A

1557

8
Q

Why did England finally declare war on France in 1557?

A

after French troops landed and raided Scarborough

9
Q

Why were the nobility enthusiastic about a war with France in 1557?

A

as this gave them the opportunity to gain credit with the Crown after their disfavour from their links to Edward’s regime

10
Q

How did the war with France soon turn into a disaster?

A

as they had a humiliating loss in 1558, Calais

11
Q

What attack failed in the summer of 1558?

A

an attempt to attack the port of Brest

12
Q

What reforms did Mary’s reign see?

A

naval and militia reforms

13
Q

In what sector of the naval and militia reforms was there a complete reorganisation of the administration and finance?

A

of the navy

14
Q

How many new ships were built in Mary’s reign under naval and militia reforms on top of repairs to other ships?

A

6

15
Q

How much did Crown finances budget for the navy during peace time, a sum which Elizabeth subsequently reduced?

A

£14,000

16
Q

What was the long term success of Mary’s naval and militia reforms?

A

this crucially for Elizabeth, helped to defeat the Spanish Armada

17
Q

Why was it important that Mary reformed the methods for raising troops?

A

as the country lacked a standing army

18
Q

What did John Guy say about Mary’s militia reforms to the methods for raising troops?

A

that it was a ‘landmark in English military organisation’

19
Q

How did Mary use parliament to reform the methods for raising troops?

A

she passed two complementary Acts of Parliament

20
Q

Why in terms of foreign policy should Mary be accounted as a failure?

A

as both she and the country felt the humiliation of the loss of Calais

21
Q

How did Mary’s marriage fail?

A

as it did not create an heir, its most basic requirement

22
Q

What was Mary’s biggest failure?

A

dying after only 5 years on the throne, something she could not control

23
Q

what has historian Elton said about Mary?

A

that ‘she seized a power rightfully hers for the exercise of which she was utterly unsuited’