Renaissance/Reformation

Question 1

Renaissance

Answer 1

A period of European history during which renewed interest in classical culture like to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world.

Question 2

Medici Family

Answer 2

Controlled Florence. One of the most powerful banking families in Italy.

Question 3

Humanism

Answer 3

a intelectual movement in which thinkers studied classical text and focused on human potential and achievements

Question 4

Patron

Answer 4

Of person who supports artists, especially financially

Question 5

Secular

Answer 5

Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters

Question 6

Baldassare Castiglione

Answer 6

Wrote a book called The Courtier that taught how to become a Renaissance Man.

Question 7

Perspective

Answer 7

And artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface

Question 8

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Answer 8

A sculptor, poet, architect, and painter who used a realistic style when depicting the human body. Statue of David

Question 9

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 9

A painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. Painted the Mona Lisa. Accurate anatomical drawings.

Question 10

Raphael

Answer 10

Famous for his use of perspective. Loved to paint the Madonna and child. Painted the walls of Pope Julius II’s library, and also painted famous Renaissance figures as classical philosophers and their students. Painted the school of Athens

Question 11

Francesco Petrarch

Answer 11

One of the earliest and most influential humanists, “Father of Renaissance humanism. Great poet who wrote in Italian and Latin.

Question 12

Machiavelli

Answer 12

Wrote the book, The Prince, which acted as a political form of a guidebook.

Question 13

The Prince

Answer 13

Examines the perfect conduct of human beings. Its better to be feared than loved.

Question 14

Donatello

Answer 14

Made sculptures more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions that revealed personality. Statue of David: more feminine.

Question 15

St. Peter’s Basilica/Sistine Chapel

Answer 15

the chapel of the pope in the Vatican at Rome, built for Pope Sixtus IV and decorated with frescoes by Michelangelo and others.

Question 16

City-States

Answer 16

City and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit

Question 17

Contrapposto

Answer 17

an asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with while balancing those of the hips and legs.

Question 18

Fresco

Answer 18

a painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling

Question 19

Vernacular

Answer 19

The everyday language of people in a religion or country

Question 20

95 Theses

Answer 20

A document written by Martin Luther in 1517, challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church on the nature of penance, the authority of the pope and the usefulness of indulgences.

Question 21

Martin Luther

Answer 21

German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds

Question 22

Edict of Worms

Answer 22

Order made by Charles V the Holy Roman Emperor banning the writings of Martin Luther and labeling him a heretic and enemy of the state

Question 23

Johann Tetzel

Answer 23

Friar who raised money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral by selling indulgences.

Question 24

John Calvin

Answer 24

French theologian who was a principal figure in the development of the system called Calvinism. Published Institutes of the Christian Religion, saying that God has already chosen who is going to be saved.

Question 25

Predestination

Answer 25

The doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved

Question 26

Henry VIII

Answer 26

He established the Church of England by the Act of Supremacy

Question 27

Anne Boleyn

Answer 27

Henry VIII’s second wife who bore Elizabeth I then beheaded.

Question 28

Catherine of Aragon

Answer 28

Henry VIII’s first wife who bore him a daughter and was executed after being divorced from him.

Question 29

Act of Supremacy

Answer 29

a piece of legislation that granted King Henry VIII of England Royal Supremacy, which means that he was declared the supreme head of the Church of England

Question 30

Anglican Church

Answer 30

The Church of England, lead by Elizabeth I

Question 31

Elizabeth I

Answer 31

Reestablished Protestantism in England. Her reign was notable for commercial growth, maritime expansion, and the flourishing of literature, music, and architecture

Question 32

Calvinism

Answer 32

A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin

Question 33

Council of Trent

Answer 33

A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by the Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers

Question 34

Jesuits

Answer 34

Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola

Question 35

Ignatius of Loyola

Answer 35

Wrote a book called Spiritual Exercises. Founded the Jesuits and was a leader of the Counter Reformation.

Question 36

Anabaptists

Answer 36

A member of a Protestant group that believes in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in the separation of church and state

Question 37

Thomas More

Answer 37

In his book, Utopia, he tried to show a better model of society

Question 38

Utopia

Answer 38

An imaginary land described by Thomas Moore in his book Utopia, An ideal place.

Question 39

Johann Gutenberg

Answer 39

Invented the printing press by which he printed a complete Bible, the Gutenberg Bible

Question 40

Desiderius Erasmus

Answer 40

Best known of the Christian humanist. Wrote a book called the Praise of Folly, which poked fun at greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests. Believe that all people should study the Bible in order to improve society.

Question 41

William Shakespeare

Answer 41

The most famous writer of the Elizabeth Age

Question 42

Globe Theater

Answer 42

Many of the great plays of William Shakespeare were first performed here

Question 43

Albrecht Dürer

Answer 43

German artist. Traveled to Italy to study, and upon returning back to Germany, he brought back Italian Renaissance ideas. Many of his prints portray religious subjects. Others portray classical myths or realistic landscapes.

Question 44

Indulgences

Answer 44

a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin

Question 45

Christian Humanism

Answer 45

Focused on the reform of society and bringing back religious cultures. Promoted the education of woman and founded mixed gender schools.

Question 46

Peasant’s Revolt

Answer 46

The raiding of monasteries, pillaging, and burning by German Peasants who demanded an end to serfdom