Renal Flashcards
1
Q
lower K
A
insulin alkalosis (lower H) Beta agonist (albuterol) Aldosterone B12/folate replacement
2
Q
raise K
A
lower insulin acidosis (high H) Beta blocker digoxin lysis lower aldosterone
3
Q
hypokalemia
- cause
- presentation
- diagnosis
A
Cause
- GI loss
- increased aldo: Conn, licorice, bartter syn, cushing
- low Mg
Presentation
- Muscle and heart weakness, arrhythmias
- nephrogenic DI
Diagnosis
-EKG: T-wave flattening and U-wave
4
Q
hyperkalemia
- presentation
- diagnosis
- treatment
A
Presentation
- muscle weakness K>6.5
- abn cardiac conduction
Diagnosis
-EKG: peaked T, wide QRS, short QT, prolonged PR
Treatment
- EKG changes –> calcium chloride
- sodium bicarb
- glucose + insulin
- Diruetic, B-agonist
- Kayexalate
- Dialysis
5
Q
meds that cause hyperkalemia
A
- nonselective BB
- ACEi
- ARB
- K sparing diuretics: amiloride, triamterene
- Digoxin
- NSAIDs
6
Q
Distal RTA Type 1
- causes
- what is it
- best initial test
- treatment
A
- Cause = amphotericin, SLE, Sjogren
- what = distal tubule can’t secrete H
- best initial test = UA pH > 5.5 (basic)
- Treatment = give bicarb
7
Q
Proximal RTA Type 2
- causes
- what is it
- best initial test
- treatment
A
- cause= amyloidosis, myeloma, fanconi syn, acetazolamide, heavy metals
- what = proximal tubule can’t reabsorb/save bicarb
- best initial test = give bicarb, test urine, pH will go up
- treatment = thiazide diuretics (volume depletion)
8
Q
Type 4 RTA
- cause
- test
- treatment
A
- cause = diabetes, less or not effective ALDO
- test = high urine sodium despite low sodium diet
- treatment = fludrocortisone
9
Q
Urine Anion Gap: RTA vs Diarrhea
A
RTA (+)
Diarrhea (-)
both are non-anion gap metabolic acidosis
Urine Na + K - Cl
10
Q
urge incontinence
treatment
A
1) bladder training
2) local anticholinergic therapy
3) surgical
11
Q
stress incontinence
treatment
A
1) kegel
2) local estrogen cream
3) surgical
