Renal and Urologic Flashcards
(52 cards)
glomerular filtration pressure is what % of mean arterial pressure?
60%
where is the majority of glucose reclaimed in the kidney?
90% proximal via SGLT2
*10% distal tubules SGLT1
what is the major function of the proximal tubule?
Na reabsorption
when are renal failure symptoms detectable?
when less than
how is creatinine clearance calculated?
((140-age)x(lean body wt))
______________
(72 x plasma creatinine)
= creatinine clearance
what is normal creatinine clearance?
100-200 cc/min
where is the majority of glucose reclaimed in the kidney?
90% proximal via SGLT2
*10% distal tubules SGLT1
what creatinine clearance indicates end stage renal failure?
normal creatinine levels
- 8-1.3 M
- 6-1.0 F
* proportional to muscle mass
what creatinine clearance shows moderate renal insufficiency?
25-40 cc/min
how can you treat renal artery stenosis?
- renal shunt or angioplasty
- control HTN
what is a normal BUN?
10-20 mg/dL
what is Acute Glomerular nephritis?
antibody-antigen rxn, glomeruli become inflamed
- causes flomeruli blockage
- causes protein leakage in unblocked glomeruli
what is Polycystic Kidney Disease?
autosomal genetic disease that causes cysts on the kidneys
- associated with
- aortic aneurysms
- brain aneurysms
- other cysts
- diverticulae of the colon
what will you see in PTs with polycystic kidney disease?
- HTN
- UTI
- bleeding or ruptured cysts
- eventually renal failure
what is Renal artery stenosis?
- narrowing of the arteries feeding the kidneys
- leads to decrease BP at afferent arteriole and renin release
- leads to HTN, kidney failure
why do most perioperative AKI (acute kidney injuries) occur?
- renal ischemia caused by hypotension/hypovolemia
* avoid with volume loading to surpress renin
what is diabetic renal neuropathy?
glucose lvls too much for kidneys,
they secrete renin,
causes vasoconstriction and less blood flow to kidney, ultimately more renin worsening kidney function to failure
how do you treat diabetic renal neuropathy?
treat HTN with ACE inhibitors
control blood sugar
what is hepatorenal syndrome?
rapid loss of kidney function secondary to liver failure
- alters blood flow to kidneys, they secrete renin, gets worse
how do you treat hepatorenal syndrome?
liver transplant, dialysis
*kidney can recover after a transplant
what is azotemia?
rapid deterioration of kidney funtion
- results in nitrogenous waste in blood
what are 3 types of azotemia?
pre-renal - decreased renal perfusion
renal - due to intrinsic renal disease or ischemia
post-renal - due to urinary tract obstruction
why do most perioperative AKI (acute kidney injuries) occur?
- renal ischemia caused by hypotension/hypovolemia
* avoid with volume loading to surpress renin
