Renal Bloodwork and Diagnostics

Question 1

Elevated renal values w/high USG indicates what type of azotemia?

Answer 1

Pre-renal

Question 2

What does high USG mean?

Answer 2

Hyperconcentrated

Question 3

What can cause pre-renal azotemia?

Answer 3

Dehydration, hypovolemia

Question 4

Animals that have not been fasted or animals w/high protein meals can have an elevated ____

Answer 4

BUN

Question 5

How do you assess GFR?

Answer 5

Serum CREA

Question 6

A rise in which blood parameter is proportional to a fall in GFR?

Answer 6

CREA

Question 7

Why do we use CREA to measure GFR?

Answer 7

It is excreted unchanged

Question 8

How much renal function must be lost before a dog is unable to adequately concentrate urine?

Answer 8

65%

Question 9

How much renal function must be lost before a cat is unable to adequately concentrate urine?

Answer 9

75%

Question 10

How much renal function must be lost before azotemia develops in a dog?

Answer 10

75%

Question 11

How much renal function must be lost before azotemia is seen in a horse?

Answer 11

66%

Question 12

What is isosthenuria?

Answer 12

Decreased ability to concentrate urine

Question 13

What USG indicates hyposthenuria?

Answer 13

1.001-1.007

Question 14

When is a urine culture indicated?

Answer 14

Isosthenuria, WBCs/bacteria in urine

Question 15

What are causes of renal azotemia?

Answer 15

Aminoglycoside tox, pigment nephropathy, consumption of oxalate plants

Question 16

What are post-renal causes of azotemia?

Answer 16

Urinary obstruction or ruptured bladder

Question 17

What does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) relesase stimulate?

Answer 17

Hyperosmoality and decreased circulating blood volume

Question 18

How does ADH influence water in the kidneys?

Answer 18

Increases renal water resorption

Question 19

How does ADH affect collecting tubules?

Answer 19

Increases permeability

Question 20

What detects changes in plasma osmoality and releases ADH accordingly?

Answer 20

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus