Renal + GU

Question 1

What markers can be raised in testicular cancer?

Answer 1

Question 2

What staging system can be used for prostate cancer?

Answer 2

Question 3

What’s the rate of false positives and false negatives of PSA for prostate cancer?

Answer 3

Question 4

What type of cancer are the majority of prostate cancers and where do they mostly grow?

Answer 4

Question 5

What two chromosomes are associated with AR and AD PKD?

Answer 5

Question 6

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Goodpasture’s?

Answer 6

Question 7

What gene on what chromosome is associated with Goodpasture’s?

Answer 7

Question 8

Deposition of which antibodies can be found in Goodpasture’s?

Answer 8

Question 9

Treatment of Goodpasture’s?

Answer 9

Question 10

What bacteria most commonly causes post-strep glomerulonephritis?

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the eGFR boundaries for all the stages of CKD?

Answer 11

Question 12

What are the four key complications of AKI?

Answer 12

Question 13

How would you treat hyperkalaemia? (complication of AKI)

Answer 13

Question 14

What three criteria are used to detect an AKI?

Answer 14

Question 15

What rises in creatinine define the three stages of AKI?

Answer 15

Question 16

What urine output decreases define the different stages of AKI?

Answer 16

Question 17

What drugs are contraindicated in AKI?

Answer 17

Question 18

Which antibiotics are used to treat chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 18

Question 19

Which antibiotic is used to treat chlamydia trachomatis in a pregnant lady?

Answer 19

Question 20

Which antibiotics are used to treat neisseria gonorrhoea?

Answer 20

Question 21

Which antibiotic is used to treat treponema pallidum infection?

Answer 21

Question 22

Which antibiotic is used to treat a trichomonas vaginalis infection?

Answer 22

Question 23

Which two anti-fungals can be used to treat a genital candidiasis infection?

Answer 23

Question 24

What test is needed to work out sensitivities of an STI?

Answer 24

Question 25

What group of drugs is first line treatment for BPH?

Answer 25

Question 26

Give an example of a first line drug for BPH and what's its main side effect?

Answer 26

Question 27

What's second line treatment for BPH?

Answer 27

Question 28

What surgery can be offered to treat BPH?

Answer 28

Question 29

What are the three main categories of LUTS?

Answer 29

Question 30

What are the LUTS?

Answer 30

Question 31

What are the three main types of incontinence?

Answer 31

Question 32

What staging system is used for testicular cancer?

Answer 32

Question 33

What parasitic infection can cause bladder cancer?

Answer 33

Question 34

What's the main type of bladder cancer?

Answer 34

Question 35

What surgery can be offered for bladder cancer?

Answer 35

Question 36

What are the two key risk factors for bladder cancer and what does it present with?

Answer 36

Question 37

Gold standard investigation for bladder cancer?

Answer 37

Question 38

Main type of renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 38

Question 39

Three classic symptoms of a renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 39

Question 40

Definition of erectile dysfunction?

Answer 40

- Inability to gain and maintain an erection (1) - long enough to achieve sexual satisfaction (1)

Question 41

Three main causes of nephrotic syndrome and the antibodies associated with them?

Answer 41

Question 42

Most common viral cause of FSGS?

Answer 42

Question 43

Findings in minimal change disease?

Answer 43

Question 44

What drug can be used to treat stress incontinence?

Answer 44

Question 45

What are the surgical options for stress incontinence?

Answer 45

Question 46

Which ethnic group are at an increased risk of prostate cancer?

Answer 46

Afro-Caribbean

Question 47

What drug causes haemolytic anaemia in newborns?

Answer 47

Question 48

First line drug treatment for CKD?

Answer 48

Question 49

Staging of AKI, what are the criteria for loss and ESKD?

Answer 49

Question 50

Three most common sights for renal stone lodging?

Answer 50

- pelviureteric junction - pelvic brim - vesicoureteric junction

Question 51

Gold standard investigation for pyelonephritis?

Answer 51

Mid-stream urine sample

Question 52

Gold standard investigation for kidney stones?

Answer 52

NCCT-KUB

Question 53

Stage 2 of Gleason staging of prostate cancer?

Answer 53

Mostly well formed glands Some poorly formed glands

Question 54

Stage 3 of Gleason staging of prostate cancer?

Answer 54

Mostly poorly formed glands Some well formed glands

Question 55

First line for acute pyelonephritis in pregnant women?

Question 56

Four most common types of kidney stone?

Answer 56

75% = calcium oxalate 15% = magnesium ammonium phosphate 5% = uric acid 1% = cystine

Question 57

What's Rovsing's sign?

Answer 57

Pressing on LLQ increases pain in RLQ in appendicitis.

Question 58

What is Chovstek's sign?

Answer 58

- Facial nerve tapped in front of the tragus - Momentary contraction of facial muscles - Hypocalcaemia

Question 59

When is Prehn's sign positive?

Answer 59

Question 60

When is the cremasteric reflex absent?

Answer 60

Question 61

When is the blue dot sign positive?

Answer 61

Question 62

Uncomplicated UTI definition?

Answer 62

no structural abnormalities, no co-morbidities, not pregnant, not male