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M2 Renal/Respiratory > Renal & Kidney VM > Flashcards

Flashcards in Renal & Kidney VM Deck (10)
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1
Q

What comprises a renal corpuscle?

A

A glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, and mesangial cells.

2
Q

Distinguish between the epithelia that comprise the parietal and visceral layers of Bowman’s capsule.

A

Parietal is simple squamous.

Visceral is also simple, and consists of podocytes.

3
Q

What is the space into which ultrafiltrate flows? With what space is it continuous?

A

Ultrafiltrate enters the urinary space in the renal corpuscle, which is continuous with the proximal convoluted tubule (and the rest of the nephron lumen)

4
Q

What components make up the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

Fenestrated capillary endothelium

Vessel basal laminae

Podocyte processes & slit diaphragms

5
Q

Why does the glomerulus stain darkly on a PAS stain?

A

PAS stains polysaccharides, which are abundant in the rich membranes and laminae found around glomerular vessels.

6
Q

Name the region of nephron based on these morphologies:

Distinct cell borders

Basal nuclei

Eosinophilic & granular staining

Low cuboidal epithelium

“Scalloped” lumen

A

Distinct cell borders: Collecting Tubule

Basal nuclei: Proximal Tubule

Eosinophilic & granular staining: Proximal Tubule

Low cuboidal epithelium: Distal Tubule

“Scalloped” lumen: Collecting Tubule

7
Q

What structure is the macula densa a part of?

What is the function of this structure?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Regulates renin release.

8
Q

Distinguish between the composition of the upper and lower ureter.

What type of epithelium lines it?

A

Upper 2/3rds of the ureter has two layers of smooth muscle; lower 1/3 has three.

Transitional epithelium.

9
Q

Where can elastin fibers be found in the bladder wall?

How many layers of smooth muscle are present?

A

In the laminae propria & muscularis.

Three.

10
Q

What type of epithelium lines the bladder?

Most bladder cancers involve this epithelium. What is the most common etiology of these cancers?

A

Transitional.

Smoking.