Renal Labs

Question 1

What is the typical type of UA run in outpatient clinics?

Answer 1

Macroscopic

Question 2

What are the two types of urinalysis?

Answer 2

Macroscopic and Microscopic

Question 3

What does macroscopic UA’s inspect for and measure?

Answer 3

Inspection: for color, appearance, and odor

Measurement: of pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, RBC’s, nitrites, and WBC esterase by dipstick reagents

Question 4

What does microscopic UA’s analyze?

Answer 4

Casts, cyrstals, and cells (urine sediment)

Question 5

What are the proper obtaining techniques for a macroscopic UA?

Answer 5

Mid-stream CLEAN catch
Must be within 2 hours

Question 6

When do you not want a clean catch in a UA?

Answer 6

Testing for STI’s

Question 7

What is the cause behind Purple Bag Syndrome?

Answer 7

Multiple bacteria due to indwelling catheter (green/blue urine)

Question 8

What can the specific gravity be correlated with on a UA?

Answer 8

Urine osmolality (concentration)

Question 9

Is bilirubin found in the urine of a healthy patient?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What does Bromphenol blue indicator test for?

Answer 10

Albumin

Question 11

What is the normal albumin excretion per day?

Answer 11

< 30 mg/day

Question 12

What is the screening test of choice in diabetic nephropathy?

Answer 12

Urine albumin to creatinine ratio

Question 13

What are the disease conditions to order proteinuria values?

Answer 13

• Lupus
• Pre-eclampsia/screening
• Glomerulonephritis or nephrotic syndrome
• High BP, uncontrolled diabetes

Question 14

What disease is Muddy Brown Casts pathognomonic for?

Answer 14

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Question 15

A high number of fatty casts suggest what syndrome?

Answer 15

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 16

What does an increased level of BUN suggest?

Answer 16

Impaired renal function

Question 17

What is the best blood measure marker of kidney function?

Answer 17

Creatinine

Question 18

What patient factor should be considered when interpreting creatinine levels?

Answer 18

Patient’s muscle mass

Question 19

What is the purpose of ordering a BUN:Creatinine ratio?

Answer 19

Helps in determining the cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) or kidney failure

Question 20

What inhibits renin?

Answer 20

Sodium and water retention