Renal Pharmacology

Question 1

What do acetazolamides do?

Answer 1

• Proximal convoluted tubule
• inhibits carbonic anhydrase
• inhibits reabsorption of HCO3
• weak diuretic

Question 2

What do Thiazides do?

Answer 2

• Distal convoluted tubule
• inhibit reabsorption of Na and Cl
• Most commonly prescribed diuretics

Question 3

what are osmotic diuretics used for?

Answer 3

• Trauma
• keep kidneys working
• decrease intracranial pressure

Question 4

What is the main concern with diuretics that increase Na excretion?

Answer 4

-hypo and hyperkalemia

Question 5

What do Loop diuretics do?

Answer 5

• inhibit the Na/K.CL cotranspoter
• results in retention of Na, Cl and water in the tubule
• most efficacious diuretics

Question 6

What does spironolactone do?

Answer 6

• blocks aldosterone action in the collecting duct

- diuretic

Question 7

Normal plasma K+ levels are 3.5 to 5 mM. If the plasma K levels are 2mM, is the membrane potential hyper or hypopolaraized?

Answer 7

-Hyperpolarized

Question 8

Spironolactone is a diuretic (works in collecting duct).

What is the effect of spironolactone (aldosterone blocker)
on plasma K+ levels?

Answer 8

Hyperkalemia

Question 9

Furosemide (Lasix) is one of the most effective diuretic.
Inhibits Na/K/Cl transporter in ascending loop of Henle.

What is the effect of Furosemide on plasma K+ levels?

Answer 9

-hypokalemia

Question 10

Thiazide diuretics are the most prescribed diuretics.
Inhibits Na/Cl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule.

What is the effect of thiazide diuretics on plasma K+ levels?

Answer 10

Hypokalemia

Question 11

A child accidentally eats twenty grams of mannitol.
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic.

This child is likely to:

A. Produce more urine

B. Have constipation

C. Have diarrhea

D. I do not like trick questions

Answer 11

C. Have diarrhea

Mannitol is synthetic sugar, there is no transporter for mannitol. If you ingest it, it will not enter blood stream.