renal physio in man

Question 1

Where does the physiological systems of animals, from cells and tissues to organs and organ system operate?

Answer 1

Within the fluid environment

Question 2

What must be maintained within fairly narrow limits for such systems to function properly?

Answer 2

Relative concentrations of water and solutes.

Question 3

What is osmoregulation?

Answer 3

The regulation of solute concentrations and balancing of the gain and loss of water.

Question 4

The kidney is especially important for the ________?

Answer 4

Regulation of the extracellular fluid (plasma and tissue fluid) environment in the body.

Question 5

What is the end-product of fluid regulation?

Answer 5

Formation of urine

Question 6

During the formation of urine the kidneys must regulate:

Answer 6

1. The volume of blood plasma, which contributes to the regulation of blood pressure.
2. The concentration of waste products in the blood.
3. The concentration of electrolytes (Na+, K+, HCO3) in the plasma.
4. The pH of plasma

Question 7

It is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney that is responsible for urine formation.

Answer 7

Nephron

Question 8

Measure of the solute concentration of a solution and what is the apparatus used for measuring?

Answer 8

Specific gravity. Urine refractometer