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Renal Physiology Flashcards

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0
Q

Urea: waste product from

A

Proteins

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1
Q

Ultrafiltrate of blood

A

Urine

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2
Q

Uric acid: waste product from

A

Nucleic acid (PURINES)

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3
Q

Creatinine: waste product from

A

Muscle

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4
Q

Bilirubin: waste product from

A

Red Blood Cells

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5
Q

Hormone Metabolites

A

VMA (Vanillylmandelic acid)

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6
Q

Hormone Secretion

A

Calcitriol

Renin

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7
Q

Always pathologic finding in Urine

A

Albumin

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8
Q

Kidney: Location

A

T12 - L3

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9
Q

Kidney: Weight

A

150g

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10
Q

Parts of Kidney

A

Capsule -> Cortex -> Medulla -> Renal Papilla -> Renal Calyces (major and minor) -> Renal Pelvis

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11
Q

Highly fenestrated, responsible for GFR.

Only capillaries in the human body that leads to arterioles and not venule.

A

Glomerular Capillaries

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12
Q

Supplies O2 and glucose to the tubular cells

A

Peritubular Capilaries

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13
Q

Hairpin loop peritobular capillaries of juxtamedullary nephrons that participate in countercurrent exchange

A

Vasa Recta

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14
Q

Urinary Bladder Capacity

A

600mL

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15
Q

Urge to urinate

A

150 (25% of the total urine volume)

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16
Q

Reflex contraction of urinary bladder

A

300 (50% of total urine volume)

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17
Q

Bladder muscle

A

Detrusor Muscle

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18
Q 
Cortical Nephrons
Percentage:
Location:
Loops of Henle:
Capillary Network:
A

Percentage: 75% of nephrons
Location: RENAL CORTEX
Loops of Henle: SHORT
Capillary Network: PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES

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19
Q 
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Percentage:
Location:
Loops of Henle:
Capillary Network:
A

Percentage: 25% of nephrons
Location: CORTICOMEDULLARY JUNCTION
Loops of Henle: LONG
Capillary Network: VASA RECTA

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20
Q

Highly fenestrated; with pores of 8nm ( 80angstrom) in diamter.
Secretes: Nitric oxide and Endothelin 1

A

Capillary Endothelium

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21
Q

Cells of capillary membrane
Contains foot process and filtration slits
Visceral Epithelium

A

Podocytes

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22
Q

Found between capillaries

Involve in glomerular disease

A

Mesangial Cells

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23
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome

A

Edema
Proteinuria
Albuminemia - hypo
Lipidemia - hyper

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24
Nephritic Syndrome
Oliguria Hematuria HTN Azotemia = inc. BUN & inc. Crea
25
Glomerular cells of the AFFERENT ARTERIOLES | Secretes:
JuxtaGlomerular Cells | Secretes: Renin
26
Found in the walls of DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE | Monitor:
Macula Densa | Monitor: sodium conc. in the DT
27
Acts on Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Carbonic anhidrase inhibitor: ACETAZOLAMIDE
28
Causes Metabolic Alkalosis Drug:
Loop Diuretics | Thiazides Diuretics
29
Adverse effects of Thiazide Diuretics:
``` "hyperGLUC" hyperGLCEMIA hyperLIPIDEMIA hyperURACEMIA hyperCALCIMIA ```
30
Potassium Sparring Diuretics:
Spinorolactone (Aldosterone antagonist) | Amiloride & Triamterine (Ep. Na channel blocker)
31
Na-K-2Cl Pump located | Why its impt?
Found: Thick ascending loop of Henle Why 1. Involved in countertransport multiplier 2. Co-transport inhibited by loop diuretics (furosemide)
32
GFR; amt filtered in the glomerular capillaries per unit time
125mL / min or 180L / day
33
Albumin attracts sodium thus invites more water, this phenomenon is know as
Gibbs-Donnan Effect
34
What are the cause of dec. Kf?
Renal Disease DM HTN
35
What is the cause of inc. BS hydrostatic pressure?
Urinary Tract Obstruction (Ureterolithiasis)
36
What are the cause of dec. GC hydrostatic Pressure?
``` Hypotension ( dec. arterial prssure) ACE-1 (dec efferent arteriole constriction) Sympathetic Activity (inc. afferent arteriole constriction) ```
37
What are the hormones that will inc GFR?
``` Bradykinin EDRF PGE2 PGI2 Glucocorticoids ANP BNP ```
38
Which hormone will preserve GFR?
Angiotension II (preferentially constricts efferent arteriole)
39
Constant sodium load delivered to DISTAL TUBULE
Tubuloglomerular Feedback
40
Percentage of solute reabsorbed is held CONSTANT
Glomerulotubular Balance
41
What do you call massive sympathetic stimulation that resultsin massive vasoconstriction of the kidney?
CNS Ischemic Response
42
Some nephrons exhibit saturation
Renal Threshold
43
ALL nephrons exhibit saturation
Renal Transport Maximum
44
Which is more hypertonic relative to the other - the fluid entering the PCT or the fluid leaving the PCT?
ISOTONIC
45
Principal Cells
Secrete K Absorb Na H2O
46
Intercalated Cells
Secrete H | Absorb K
47
Active form of Vitamin D
1, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
48
Effects of aldosterone: Inc Reabsorption: Inc Secretion:
Inc Reabsorption: Na+ & H20 | Inc Secretion: K+ & H+
49
Effects of PTH:
Dec reabsorption of phsphate Inc. reabsorption of calcium Stimulates 1 alpha hydroxylase
50
What are the triggers for ADH secretion
Inc Plasma Osmolarity Dec BP Dec Blood Volume
51
What is the effect of alcohol on ADD secretion?
Alcohol dec ADH secretion
52
Which hormone secreted by DT and CD acts similar to ANP?
Urodilatin
53
Responsible for urine volume and urine concentration
Vasopression (ADH)
54
Plasma K+
4.2 mEq/L
55
CREATES the Corticocapillary Osmotic Gradient
Countercurrent Multipliers
56
MAINTAINS the Corticopapillary Osmotic Gradient
Countercurrent Exchangers
57
Affects the anterior horn of the spinal cord | Aka Lougary Syndrome Paralysis
Amylotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
58
Thirst Center
AnteroVentral wall of the 3rd Ventricle | Preoptic Nuclei
59
Micturation center
PONS
60
pH compatible to life
6.8 - 8.0
61
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
``` Methanol Uremia DKA Propylene glycol & Paraldehyde Iron, Idiopathic, Isoniazide Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol and ethanol Salicylic acid ```
62
Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
``` Hematuria Azotemia (Uremia + SSx) RTA Diarrhea Ureteroenteric fistula Pancreaticoduodenal fistula ```

Physiology (6 decks)

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