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Flashcards in Renal system Deck (22)
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1
Q

hyponatremia

A

level of sodium in the blood is abnormally low

-can occur if too much water is consumed too quickly

2
Q

osmoregulation

A

the balancing of water with solute concentrations across a cell membrane

  • electrolytes: sodium, potassium, chloride
  • non-electrolytes: glucose
3
Q

water intake comes from two sources. what are they

A
  • ingested in the form of liquid or water in the food

- metabolic body water

4
Q

water loss can happen in various ways what are they

A
  • urination and defecation
  • sweating
  • insensible water loss via evaporation
5
Q

when water loss is greater than water intake, the bodys fluids start to become …

A

body’s fluids start to become hypertonic and this causes the feeling of thirst

6
Q

renal system is comprised of

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra

7
Q

the renal system does what

A

-cleanses the blood
-balance water and solutes
-form urine
-remove toxins, waste, extra water and electrolytes via micturition (urination)
-

8
Q

kidneys

A

main osmoregulatory organs of the body

9
Q

what do the kidneys accomplish

A
  • maintain composition and volume of blood plasma
  • regulate water, ion, pH levels
  • retain nutrients
  • excrete waste, toxins, excess electrolytes
  • produce erythropoietin and renin
  • regulate the activation of vitamin D
  • glycogenesis
10
Q

the suprarenal capsule housed the

A

adrenal glands

11
Q

when stimulated the adrenal glands secrete which hormones

A
  • corticosterioid hormones: cortisol and corticosterone
  • aldosterone
  • androgens
  • epinephrine (adrenaline)
  • norepinephrine
12
Q

corticosteroid hormones are released under the direction of the

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

13
Q

where does ultrafiltration occur?

A

at the glomerular capillary/nephron interface that ultrafiltration occurs

14
Q

the glomerulatra capillary bed does what?

A

facilitates higher blood pressure and as a result specializes in pushing things out of the blood and into the initial part of the nephron

15
Q

the peritubular capillary bed does what?

A

has lower pressure so it is uniquely designed to encourage the reabsorption of compounds from the nephron back into the blood

16
Q

uretheral meatus

A

prevents the back flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters

17
Q

what does the stretching of the trigone doe

A

sends an action potential to the brain telling you you have to pee

18
Q

internal urethral sphincter

A

smooth muscle

involuntary

19
Q

external urethral sphincter

A

skeletal muscle

voluntary

20
Q

medullary nephron

A

excels at water conservation

21
Q

cortical nephron (cortex)

A

good at cleansing the blood

22
Q

the renal medulla specifically the pyramids contain

A

collecting ducts and loops of henle