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Bmsc 208 > Repro 1 > Flashcards

Repro 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Role of reproduction

A

Making new humans

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2
Q

Why are we advanced when it comes to reproduction

A
  1. Mate for pleasure and procreation
  2. Does not only occur during “fertile” periods
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3
Q

Sexually dimorphic

A

Males and females have distinct physical characteristics

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4
Q

Male and female sex organs consist of 3 sets of structure

A

Gonad, internal genitalia, external genitalia

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5
Q

Gonads

A

Gamete producing organs

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6
Q

Internal genitalia

A

Accessory glands and ducts

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7
Q

External genitalia

A

External reproductive structures

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8
Q

Where is sex determined

A

Programmed in genome

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9
Q

Each nucleated cell of body except gametes contains

A

23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total: diploid)
22 pairs autosomes: direct development of human body
1 pair sex chromosomes: direct development of internal and external sex organs

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10
Q

What do gametes contain

A

23 single chromosomes (haploid)

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11
Q

Each egg produced by a female has

A

An X chromosome

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12
Q

Sperm produced by male has either

A

And X chromosome or a Y

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13
Q

In females during early embryonic development what happens to one X chromosome

A

Turns off in each cell
- whether paternal or maternal X is shut off differs in each cel

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14
Q

What x-linked genetic disorders more commonly affect males

A

Muscular dystrophy, color blindness, hemophilia
(Expressed because they only have one X)

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15
Q

If there’s a Y chromosome

A

Genetically male

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16
Q

What are 2 ways there can be abnormal sex chromosome distribution

A

Non disjunction at meiosis 1
- both go into 1 secondary gamete
- one pair of disomic gametes and one pair of nullisomic
Non disjunction at meiosis 2
- one disomic(2 chromatids one gamete) and one nullisomic gamete in a pair
- one pair normal monosomic gametes

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17
Q

XXY

A

Klinefelters

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18
Q

X

A

Turner syndrome

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19
Q

Y

A

Non viable

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20
Q

Stages of egg

A

Egg-zygote-2 cell stage- 4 cell stage - morula- blastocyst

21
Q

Embryonic period extends through

A

The 8th week

22
Q

What is the time of a standard pregnancy

A

38 weeks development
40 weeks because standard pregnancy is measured from first day of last mentrual cycle

23
Q

When is fetus

A

9 weeks

24
Q

Wet do reproductive structures begin to differentiate

A

Seventh week of development

25
Q

Prior to time of reproductive differentiation considered

A

Bipotential
Has capacity to become male or female

26
Q

When bipotential, gonads are

A

Outer cortex and innner medulla

27
Q

What are the 2 accessory ducts when bipotential

A

Wolffian and Müllerian duct

28
Q

In female gonad cortex

A

Forms ovary

29
Q

If female gonad medulla

A

Regresses

30
Q

If female wolffian duct

A

Regressses (testosterone absent)

31
Q

If female Müllerian duct

A

Becomes fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, and upper 1/2 vagina (AMH absent)

32
Q

If male gonad cortex

A

Regresses

33
Q

if male Gand medulla

A

Forms testis

34
Q

If male wolffian duct

A

Forms epidiidymis, vas deferents, and seminal vesicle (testosterone present)

35
Q

If male Müllerian duct

A

Regresses (AMH present- testis produces)

36
Q

Male or female development depends on the presence or absence of

A

Sex determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY gene)

37
Q

SRY gene

A

Guides development of internal genitalia into male and inhibit female internal

38
Q

What does SRY produce

A

Testis determining factor (TDF)
- SOX9, WT1, SF1

39
Q

What does TDF do

A

Guide development of gonadal medulla into testis

40
Q

What hormones does the testes then produce

A

Anti-mullerian hormone
Testosterone
Di hydro testosterone

41
Q

Anti mullerian hormone

A

Sertoli cells
Causes Müllerian ducts to regress

42
Q

Testosterone

A

Leydig cells
Converts wolffian ducts into male acccesory structures

43
Q

Dihydrotestosterone

A

Leydig cells
Differentiation of external genitalia

44
Q

Interstitial cells or Leydig cells secrete

A

Testosterone

45
Q

Sertoli cells secrete

A

Anti-mullerian hormone

46
Q

At 10 weeks of female growth

A

Gonadal cortex becomes ovary in absence of SRY protein and influence of female genes
Absence of testosterone causes wolffian duct to degenerate

47
Q

At birth what happens to females

A

Absence of AMH allows Müllerian duct to become fallopian tube, uterus, and upper part of vagina

48
Q

At 10 weeks of male growth

A

SRY protein directs medulla of bipotential gonad to develop into testis
AMH from testis causes Müllerian ducts to disppear

49
Q

At birth for males

A

Testosterone from testis converts wolffian duct into seminal vesicle, vas deferents, epidydimis
DHT controls prostate development

Bmsc 208 (33 decks)

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