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bmsc 208 > Repro 6 > Flashcards

Repro 6 Flashcards

1
Q

IUD

A

Plastic devices (some wrapped in copper to kill sperm)
Create mild inflammatory reaction in endometrium that prevent implantation of fertilized egg

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2
Q

What is most reliable after sterilization

A

IUD

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3
Q

What do hormonal treatments do

A

Prevent follicular development and ovulation

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4
Q

Hormones in hormonal treatments

A

Combinations of estrogen and progestins (or progestin only)

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5
Q

What do hormonal treatments inhibit

A

Gonadotropin secretion (LH and FSH) front anterior pituitary necessary for follicle development/ovulation
- thickened cervical mucus to block entry of sperm

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6
Q

Infertility

A

Inability to conceive after regular sexual intercourse for one year

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7
Q

Examples in males that cause infertility

A

Low sperm count, abnormal motility, abnormal sperm, retrograde ejaculation, hormone related, infections (STIs, prostatitis, mumps), female or male sperm antibodies

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8
Q

Female infertility

A

Damaged fallopian tubes
Ovulation disorders (most common)
Endometriosis
Uterine/cervical disorders (Cervical stenosis)

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9
Q

Ovulation disorders

A

PCOS, hypothalamic dysfunction, premature ovarian insufficiency

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10
Q

Stats of in vitro

A

Under 35 50%
35-37. 40%
38-40 25%
Over 40 8%

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11
Q

In vitro process

A

Women given hormone treatments to stimulate egg production
Eggs taken from ovaries
In lab eggs mixed with sperm
Embryos placed in incubator
Implanted in women’s uterus or frozen

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12
Q

Artificial insemmination 3 types

A

Intracervical insemination
Intratuabal insemination
Intrauterine insemination

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13
Q

First thing to occur after fertilization

A

Capacitation

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14
Q

Capacitation

A

Sperm sheds surface molecules (proteins and carbs) allowing them to rapidly swim and penetrate egg

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15
Q

What does Capacitation depend on

A

Substances produced in uterus (albumin, lipoproteins, proteolytic enzymes)

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16
Q

What is fertilization of egg and sperm caused by

A

Occurs by chance possibly aided by chemical attractants produced by egg

17
Q

how long is an egg viable to be fertilized

A

12-24 hours post ovulation

18
Q

How long sperm viable in female reproductive tract

A

5-6 days

19
Q

Where does fertilization occur

A

Distal portion of fallopian tube

20
Q

How many sperm reach fallopian

A

Of millions deposited only about 100 reach

21
Q

What must sperm do when reach egg

A

Penetrate loosely connected granulosa cells and zona pellucida layer

22
Q

What does the acrosome contain

A

Powerful enzymes dissolve cell junction and zona pellucida (sperm wiggles between)

23
Q

5 parts of fertilization

A
  1. Sperm and egg plasma membranes fuse
  2. Cortical reaction
  3. Sperm nucleus moves into cytoplasm of egg
  4. Oocyte nucleus completes meiotic division
  5. Sperm and egg nuclei fuse to form zygote nucleus
24
Q

When sperm makes to surface of egg what happens

A

Proteins on head will bind to sperm binding receptors

25
Q

Once on sperm binding receptors 2 things caused

A
  1. Cortical reaction
  2. Union of sperm membrane with oocyte membrane (DNA in sperm head enters)
26
Q

Cortical reaction

A

First sperm causes release of cortical granules from oocyte which hardens zona pellucida
Prevents polyspermy

27
Q

When is second polar body expelled

A

When zygote forms

28
Q

Acrosomal reaction

A

Break down cell junctions and soma pellucida

29
Q

3 steps of fertilization

A

Capacitation
Acrosomal reaction
Cortical reaction

30
Q

Where does developing embryo implant

A

Endometrium

31
Q

What slows smooth muscle contractions in fallopian tubes

A

Progesterone

32
Q

What happens after 30 hours in fallopian tube

A

Zygote to 2 celled to 4 celled then 8 celled stages

33
Q

72 hours

A

Morula

34
Q

Implanted blastocyst

A

6 days

bmsc 208 (33 decks)

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