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ABS&C > REPRO 7-15 > Flashcards

REPRO 7-15 Flashcards

1
Q

Theca cells are located where in an oocyte?

A

outer circumference

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2
Q

Between theca cells and granulosa cells, which are vascularitzed?

A

theca=vascular

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3
Q

What is the name for the layer of granulosa cells touching and suspending an oocyte in a follicle, and sending it nutrients?

A

cumulus cells

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4
Q

Between granulosa & theca cells, which develop FSH receptors & which develop LH receptors?

A

granulosa: FSH
theca: LH

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5
Q

Ovulation is caused by a surge of mainly what hormone?

A

LH
(small para of info in notes, about lutenization)

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6
Q

What structure comes chronologically between corpus luteum & corpus albicans?

A

corpus hemmoragicum

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7
Q

In a corpus hemmoragicum, theca and granulosa cells become what type of cells?
They then start producing what hormone?

A

lutein cells

P4

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8
Q

What is the difference in a leuteotroph & leuteolysin?

A

leuteotroph: support CL
leuteolysin: cause regression on CL

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9
Q

Between prostaglandin E2 & F2, which is a leuteotroph? leuteolysin?

A

PE2: leuteotrophic (extends the luteum)
PF2: leuteolysin (fucks the luteum)

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10
Q

Oestradiol is produced by ___________ and causes a surge in _____ (hormone)

A

growing follicles
LH

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11
Q

Oestradiol and ________(hormone) have an inverse relationship of high/low

A

progesterone

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12
Q

If a pregnancy is maintained, which hormone will be prevalent? (PGE or PGF)

A

PGE

(otherwise PGF)

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13
Q

During the luteal phase, what hormone is high?
During the follicular phase, what hormone is high?

A

luteal: P4
follicular: E2

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14
Q

What are the 3 stages of sexual behavior in the male?

A

pre-copulatory
copulatory
post-copulatory

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15
Q

What are the 3 stages of sexual behavior in the female?

A

attractivity
perceptivity
receptivity

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16
Q

What are some behavioral characteristics of being in heat?

A

standing to be mounted
restlessness
rhythmic blinking of vulva
frequent urination
vocalization
lordosis

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17
Q

Does sexual excitement initiate sympathetic or parasympathetic innervation?

A

parasympathetic

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18
Q

During intromission, there are rhythmic contractions of which 2 muscles in the penis?

A

ischiocavernosus
bulbospongiosus

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19
Q

Which nerve recieves sensory input from the penis?

A

hypogastric nerve

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20
Q

What is the outermost layer of the egg that the sperm/acrosomal cap makes contact with?
Second layer?

A

zona pellucida
perivitelline space

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21
Q

The very first connection between the blastocyte and endometrium is known as _________

A

apposition

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22
Q

Which of these is in domestic animals? Which is in horses & carnivores?

A

top: domestic

-look at allantois formation direction

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23
Q

Which of these is in domestic animals? Which is in horses & carnivores?

A

answer in top right corner of picture. see q 22&23 for difference in allantoid formation.

24
Q

What are the 4 types of palcenta?
Name a species that has each type

A

diffuse: horses n pigs
discoid : primates n rodents
cotyledonary: ruminants
zonary: carnivores, dogs

25
Q

Between caruncle and cotelydon, which is maternal?

A

caruncle: maternal
cotyledon: fetal

[baby in the cot, mum in the car]

26
Q

What are the 4 histological classifications of placenta?

A

epitheliochorial
synepitheliochorial
endotheliochorial
haemochorial

27
Q

Which has a higher PO2: fetal or maternal blood?

A

maternal,
-this means oxygen freely diffuses into fetal blood. same in opposite direction for CO2

28
Q

Which antibody is binded to neonatal FCrN receptors for transport across the placenta?

A

IgG

29
Q

Which animals have more antibody transfer through placenta?

Which have more transfer through milk?

A

placenta: primates n rodents

milk: cattle, sheep, horses, pigs

30
Q

The study of how behavior and environment can affect genetics is known as ____________

A

epigenetics

31
Q

What are 3 ways that heat stress can affect the offspring?

A

poor growth
poor fertility
stunted placenta
metabolic issues
low BW

32
Q

Fill in

A
33
Q

What are the 3 stages of partuition?

A

1-onset of partuition
2-expulsion of fetus
3-expulsion of fetal membranes

34
Q

The process of the uterus shrinking to regular size post-partuition is knows as__________

A

uterine involution

35
Q

In which animal is histological endometrial regression post-partuition very rapid?

A

mare: 14 days

36
Q

Which postpartum disorder is caused by low blood Ca?

A

milk fever

37
Q

What are the 4 stages of mammogenesis? [time periods]

A

pre-birth
birth to pregnancy
pregnancy
lactation

38
Q

In stage II, which hormone stimulates duct lengthening and branching? Which stimulates duct enlargement and development?

A

E2: lengthening and branching
P4: enlargement and development

39
Q

During pregnancy, those 2 hormones [E2 and P4] increase. Which other hormone comes into play to affect mammary glands

A

PRL prolactin

40
Q

During stage 4 of mammogenesis, there is a gradual loss of ________ cells

A

secretory

41
Q

A lobe is made out of lobules. A lobule is made out of _________

A

alveoli

42
Q

An alveoli is around how big?

A

0.1-0.3mm

43
Q

What type of cells in alveoli produce milk?

A

mammary epithelial cells

44
Q

What are the cells surrounding alveoli that contract to push milk into ducts?

A

myoepithelial cells

45
Q

What is the function of the cistern [seen in dairy cows]?

A

extra storage of milk before expulsion. not in most species

46
Q

what are these 2 mammary gland cells types?

A
47
Q
A

not entirely sure of function, contain caesin, can be associated w reduced milk

48
Q
A
49
Q

Briefly describe blood supply to the mammary glands

A

aorta(or cr/ca VC) -> external/internal iliac a&v -> pudendal a&v -> mammary a&v

also large milk vein that goes to caudal VC

50
Q

Briefly describe nerve supply of the mammary gland

A

L1/L2 -> sensory to skin of cranial udder
S3/S4 -> sensory to skin of caudal udder
genitofemoral nerve -> smooth muscle, deep teat wall, [all else]

51
Q

Which vitamin is exceptionally high in colostrum?

A

vit A

52
Q

What is the difference btwn homologous and heterologous immunity?

A

heterologous: -antibody defends against a different disease than it was originally made for
-antibody comes from milk of a different species

53
Q

What 3 hormones control lactogenesis?

A

prolactin (initiator)
estradiol
progesterone (negative)

54
Q

How does progesterone block lactogenesis?

A

-blocks cortisol receptor (which usually stimulates lactation)
-blocks induction of PRL receptors

55
Q

What is glactopoeisis?

A

maintainence of lactation

56
Q

what is fustenburg’s rosette?

A

folds of epithelia that close teat canal

57
Q

briefly describe the milk ejection reflex

A

sensory input –> posterior pit –>oxytocin release –> travels through blood to myoepithelial cells –> contract

anterior pit –>prolactin release –> stimulates production of milk

ABS&C (16 decks)

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