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A & P > reproduction > Flashcards

reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

what are games?

A

reproductive cells

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2
Q

what are gonads?

A

primary sex organs

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3
Q

ovarian cycle

A

series of cyclic events that matures 1 oocyte once a month

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4
Q

follicular phase

A

(ovarian cycle) days 1-14 follicle grow and secret estrogen , one gets promoted to “dominate follicle”

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5
Q

luteal phase

A

(ovarian cycle) days 15-28, a mass of cells form the veeps lute which secrets high levels pf progesterone and estrogens

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6
Q

what can the luteal phase cause

A

eroding of the endometrium

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7
Q

uterine cycle

A

series of cyclic events that causes change in the endometrium in response to ovarian hormones

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8
Q

menstrual phase

A

days 0-4, menstruation occurs, endometrium sheds

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9
Q

proliferate (preovulatory)

A

days 5-14, endometrium rebuilds itself in response to rising blood levels of estrogens

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10
Q

secretory (post ovulatory)

A

days 15-28, endometrium prepares for an embryo implantation

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11
Q

puberty

A

reproduction organs grow to their adult size and become functional

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12
Q

HPG

A

hypothalamus pituitary gland

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13
Q

what is HPG’s role

A

responsible for reproductive hormone secretion

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14
Q

where are spam made?

A

seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

where do sperm mature?

A

epididymis

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16
Q

what gland secretes the greatest contribution to the volume of semen?

A

seminal glands

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17
Q

what is the first phase of the ovarian cycle

A

follicular phase

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18
Q

what is the second phase the ovarian cycle? and what does it develop

A

luteal phase; corpus luteum

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19
Q

games are ____ meaning they have I full set of chromosomes__

A

haploid; 23

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20
Q

Gamets are made during?

A

meiosis

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21
Q

somatic cell are ___ meaning they have 2 full sets of chromosomes __

A

diploid; 46

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22
Q

what key events happens during interphase?

A

DNA replication

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23
Q

mitosis results __ # of cells that are ____

A

two; identical

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24
Q

meiosis results in ___ # of cells that are ___

A

4; unique

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25
Q

after fertilization the zygote goes through ____

A

mitosis

26
Q

pathway of sperm

A

Seminiferous tubules of the testes - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct - urethra of penis- vagina - cervix - uterus - Fallopian tube - endometrium of the uterus.

27
Q

fertilization occur at week ___ of pregnancy and is the start of the ____ period lasting until week # ___

A

2; embryonic ; 8

28
Q

the next phase of pregnancy is known as the _____ period and starts at week ____ and ends at birth or also known as ___

A

fetal ; 9; parturition

29
Q

in preparation for pregnancy the ___ lining of the uterus thickens

A

endometrium

30
Q

this happens during the ____ phase of the _____ cycle

A

proliferatie phase; uterine cycle

31
Q

the hormone ___ surges to support implantation

A

progesterone

32
Q

milk is produced in the

A

glandular alveoli in the lobes of each mammary gland

33
Q

how does the zygote make its way through the female reproductive system

A

muscular peristalsis and beating cilia

34
Q

when does meiosis in females begin and end

A

before birth; when an egg is fertilized

35
Q

when does meiosis in male begin and end

A

at puberty

36
Q

what is the end results of spermatogenesis

A

4 spermatids

37
Q

what is the name of the maturation process that happens after spermatogenesis

A

spermatogenesis; it makes the sperm motile

38
Q

as the zygote travels down the fallopian tube it goes through a period of rapid mitotic divisions known as ___

A

cleavage

39
Q

when the zygote is a clump of 16 or more cells it is considered to be a ____

A

morula

40
Q

around 4 days, the zygote is considered a ___ and consists of a single layer of cells that will develop into the _____ and a clump of cells that will develop into the ____

A

blastocyst; placenta ; embryo

41
Q

which structure initially secretes progesterone and estrogen for the growing embryo

A

corpus luteum

42
Q

which structure takes over?

A

placenta

43
Q

the structure in number 2 is connected to the embryo

A

umbilical cord

44
Q

what two things must happen to the cervix In preparation for childbirth

A

dilate to 10cm and efface 100%

45
Q

luteinizing hormone in males

A

stimulates interstitial endocrine cells to secrete testosterone

46
Q

follicle stimulating hormone in males

A

indirectly stimulates the development of games in spermatogenesis

47
Q

luteinizing hormones and follicle stimulating hormone in females

A

stimulates the development of gamets and an increase in the secretion sex hormones

48
Q

uterine cycle stages

A

menstrual: 1-8
proliferate: 8-13
ovulation: 14
secretory :15-28

49
Q

endometrium layers- which one increases

A

basal and functional layer, functional layer

50
Q

which hormone impacts the fluctuations in the endometrium

A

progesterone peaks at days 19-24 when the functional later peaks

51
Q

what hormones is the uterine cycle directly influenced by

A

sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) because functional layer

52
Q

oogenesis process

A
53
Q

spermatogenesis summarized

A

start with mitosis of stem cells and has 1 spermatagonium and make 4 spermatid that then go through meiosis during puberty, 4 haploid cells

54
Q

oogenesis process

A

(happens before birth) struts with diploid cell = 1 ovum- haploid cell- and 3 polar bodies then goes through puberty, meiosis and makes it secondary egg for fertilization

55
Q

meiosis

A

creating haploid sex cells, happens for female before life and males throughout , end with 4 unique haploid gametes

56
Q

mitosis

A

making copies of somatic cells, happens throughout life

57
Q

haploid cell

A

I full set = 23 chromosomes

58
Q

diploid cell

A

2 full sets = 46

59
Q

where are sperm specifically made

A

semiferous tubules

60
Q

what are the three accessory glands

A

seminal glands, prostate, bulborethreal

61
Q

seminal glands

A

secretion glands makes up 70% of volume of semen and increases mobility

62
Q

prostate

A

1/4 of semen, activates sperm

A & P (2 decks)

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