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Physiology > Reproductive > Flashcards

Flashcards in Reproductive Deck (30)
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1
Q

Gametes (germ cells)

A

Haploid reproductive cells

-1 copy of every chromosome/genes (1n)

2
Q

Male Gametes

A

spermatozoa (sperm)

3
Q

Female Gametes

A

ova (egg)

4
Q

Diploid

A

2 copies of every chromosome/genes (2n)

5
Q

46 chromosomes

A

44 autosomes = non sex chromosomes

22 pairs of genes

6
Q

2 sex chromosomes

A

X & Y
- not always paired
X: essential genes for both M & F
Y: only in M

7
Q

XX

A

F

8
Q

XY

A

M

9
Q

1n * 1n = 2n

A

Fertilization

10
Q

Zygote

A

2n (Spermatoza + Ova)

11
Q

Gametogenesis

A

production of gametes from undifferentiated germ cells

12
Q

Gametogenesis : Mitosis

A

normal cell division ( 2n > 2n )

  • 2 identical cells
  • DNA replicated 1x
  • divides 1x
13
Q

Gametogenesis :

Meiosis

A

produce gametes ( 2n > 1n , 1n > 1n ) 4n total

  • DNA replicated 1x
  • divides 2x
14
Q

Testes

A

site of sperm production @ seminiferous tubules

15
Q

Epididymus

A

site of sperm maturation

16
Q

Hormone Regulation

A

Hypothalamus >

GnRH > AP : FSH & LH

17
Q

FSH

A

stimulate gametogenesis

-made up of Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules > “babysitters of sperm”

18
Q

LH

A

stimulate androgen secretion

-Leydig cells release testosterone

19
Q

FSH for M

A

stimulate gametogenesis

-made up of Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules > “babysitters of sperm”

20
Q

LH for M

A

stimulate androgen secretion

-Leydig cells release testosterone > further stimulate Sertoli cells

21
Q

lumen

A

contain sperm

22
Q

Process of Sperm

A

1) Spermatogonium 2n
2) Mitosis
3) Primary Spermatocyte 2n & Spermatogonium 4) Meiosis I
5) Secondary Spermatocyte 1n
6) Meiosis II
7) Spermatid 1n

23
Q

Process of Sperm

A

1) Spermatogonium 2n
2) Mitosis
3) Primary Spermatocyte 2n & Spermatogonium 4) Meiosis I
5) Secondary Spermatocyte 1n
6) Meiosis II
7) Spermatid 1n
8) Differentiation
9) Spermatozoa

24
Q

Head of sperm

A
  • contains chromosomes in nucleus

- acrosome cap: fertilization

25
Q

Midpiece of sperm

A

mitochondria

energy

26
Q

Tail of sperm

A

flagella: whip like motion for motility

27
Q

Spermatozoa

A

released into lumen

  • immotile, cannot swim for 20 days
  • moves to epididymis = motility
28
Q

Oogenesis

A

limited gamete production

  • number of oogonia fixed (not replenished)
  • meiosis starts at fetal and end after fertilization
29
Q

Oogenesis process

A

1) Oogonium 2n
2) Mitosis
3) Primary oocytes 2n
4) Meiosis I > Meiotic arrest
5) Ovulation > Meiosis I
6) Secondary Oocyte 1n
7) Fertilization > Meiosis II
8) Ovum/zygote 2n

30
Q

Polar bodies

A

remaining daughter cells containing little cytoplasm

cell unevenly divides