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REPRODUCTIVE > REPRODUCTIVE- Anatomy > Flashcards

REPRODUCTIVE- Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How is the left gonadal venous drainage?

A

Left ovary/testis → left gonadal vein → left renal vein → IVC

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2
Q

How is the right gonadal venous drainage?

A

Rigth ovary/testis → right gonadal vein → IVC

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3
Q

Characteristic of left spermatic vein

A

Enters the left renal vein at a 90º angle, flow is less continuous on the left than on the right

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4
Q

In which side is more common the varicocele? and Why?

A

Enters the left renal vein at a 90º angle, flow is less continuous on the left than on the right → left venous pressure > right venous pressure → varcicocele more common on the left

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5
Q

How is the lymphatic drainage of ovaries/testes?

A

Ovaries/testes → Para-aortic lymph nodes

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6
Q

How is the lymphatic drainage of distal vagina/vulva/scrotum?

A

Vagina/vulva/scrotum → superficial inguinal nodes

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7
Q

How is the lymphatic drainage of vagina/uterus?

A

Vagina/ uterus → Obturator, external iliac and hypogastric nodes

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8
Q

Alternative name for Infundibulopelvic ligament

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovaries

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9
Q

What does Infundibulopelvic ligament connects?

A

Ovaries to lateral pelvic wall

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10
Q

Which structures are contained in Infundibulopelvic ligament?

A

Ovarian vesseils

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11
Q

Which ligament need to be ligated during oophorectomy to avoid bleeding?

A

Infundibulopelvic ligament (Suspensory ligament of the ovaries)

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12
Q

What risk is taken when ligation of Infundibulopelvic ligament?

A

Ureter courses retroperitoneally, close to gonadal vessels. At risk of injury during ligation of ovarian vessels

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13
Q

What does Cardinal ligament connects?

A

Cervix to side wall of pelvis

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14
Q

Which ligament contains Uterine vessels?

A

Cardinal ligament

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15
Q

What risk is taken when Cardinal ligament ligation?

A

Ureter at risk of injury during ligation of uterine vessels in hysterectomy

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16
Q

This ligament goes from Uterine fundus to labia majora

A

Round ligament

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17
Q

Which ligaments derive from Gubernaculum?

A

Round ligament

Ovarian ligament

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18
Q

Which is the travel of Round ligament?

A

Travels through round inguinal canal; above the artery of Sampson

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19
Q

What does Broad ligament connects?

A

Uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to pelvic side wall

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20
Q

Structures contained in Broad ligament

A

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, and round ligaments of uterus

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21
Q

Components of Broad ligament

A

Mesosalpinx, mesometrium and mesovarium

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22
Q

Medial pole of ovary to lateral uterus

A

Ovarian ligament

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23
Q

Hystology of Vagina

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, nonkeratinized

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24
Q

Epithelium of Ectocervix

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, nonkeratinized

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25
Q

Epithlelium of Endocervix

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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26
Q

Histological characteristics fo Transformation zone

A

Squamocolumnar junction

27
Q

Most common area for cervical cancer

A

Transformation zone (Squamocolumnar junction )

28
Q

Uterus epithelium

A

Simple columnar epithelium with long tubular glands

29
Q

Epithelium of Fallpian tube

A

Simple columnar epithelium, many ciliated cells, a few secretory (peg) cells

30
Q

Histological characteristics of Ovary, outer surface

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium (germinal epithelium covering surface of ovary)

31
Q

What is the female sexual response cycle?

A

Most commonly described as phase of excitement (uterus elevates, vaginal lubrication ), plateu (expansion of inner vagina), orgasm (contraction of uterus) and resolution

32
Q

Who mediates female sexual response cycle?

A

By autonomic nervous system

33
Q

What else is seen in female sexual response cycle?

A

Tachycardia and skin flushing

34
Q

Pathway of sperm during ejaculation

A 
SEVEN UP
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory ducts
(Nothing)
Urethra
Penis
35
Q

Who regulates erection?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system (pelvic nerve)

36
Q

Physiology of factors proerection

A

Parasympathetic nervous system (pelvic nerve):

NO → ↑ cGMP →smooth muscle relaxation → vasodilation → proerectile

37
Q

Physiology of factors antierection

A

Parasympathetic nervous system (pelvic nerve)

Norepinephrine → ↑ (Ca2+) in → smooth muscle contraction → vasoconstriction → antierectile

38
Q

Who regulates emission?

A

Sympathetic nervous system (hypogastric nerve)

39
Q

Who regulates ejaculation?

A

Visceral and somatic nerves (pudendal nerve)

40
Q

Male function response

A

Erection
Emission
Ejaculation

41
Q

Who inhibit cGMP breakdown?

A

Sildenafil and vardenafil

42
Q

How do Sildenafil and vardenafil regulate ejection?

A

Inhibit cGMP breakdown

43
Q

Strucutres contain in Seminiferous Tubules

A

Spermatogonia
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells

44
Q

Germ cells of Seminiferous tubules

A

Spermatogonia

45
Q

Function of Spermatogonia

A

Maintain germa pool and produce primary spermatocytes

46
Q

Where are spermatogonia located?

A

Line seminiferous tubules

47
Q

How are Sertoli cells consider in seminiferous tubules?

A

Non germ cells

48
Q

What do Sertoli cells secrete?

A

Secrete inhibin, androgen-binding protein

49
Q

What is the function of inhibin produced by sertoli cells?

A

Inhibit FSH

50
Q

What is the function of androgen-binding protein produced by sertoli cells?

A

Maintain local levels of testosterone

51
Q

Who forms blood testis barrier?

A

Tight junctions of between adjancent Sertoli cells

52
Q

What is the function of blood testis barrier?

A

Isolate gametes from autoimmune attack

53
Q

Functions of Sertoli cells

A

Support and nourish developing spermatozoa
Regulate spermatogenesis
Produce Müllerian inhibiting factor

54
Q

What is the importance of Sertoli cells temperature sensitivity?

A

↓ sperm production and ↓ inhibin with ↑ temperature

55
Q

What causes ↑ temperature in seminiferous tubules?

A

Seen in varicocele, cryptorchidism

56
Q

How are Leydig cells classified?

A

As endocrine cells

57
Q

What do Leydig cells secrete?

A

Secrete Testosterone in the presence of LH

58
Q

What regulates testosterone production by Leydig cells?

A

LH

59
Q

How are Leydig cells testosterone production affected by temperature?

A

Testosterone production unaffected by temperature

60
Q

Where are Sertoli cells located?

A

Line seminiferous tubules

61
Q

What is the relationship of Sertoli cells and testosterone?

A

Convert testosterone and androstenedione to estrogen via aromatase

62
Q

Where are Leydig cells located?

A

Interstitium

63
Q

Do Leydig cells contain aromatase?

A

Yes

64
Q

Evolution of Spermatozoon

A

Spermatogonium → Primary spermatocyte → Secondary spermatocyte → Spermatides → Spermatozoon

REPRODUCTIVE (5 decks)

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