Reproductive Organs

Question 1

The male reproductive tract includes the ___________, a series of __________, accessory _________, and the ______________.

Answer 1

Paired testes

Ducts

Glands

External genitalia

Question 2

Each testis is divided into around 250 lobules, each containing 1 to 3 highly coiled _________________, where male gametogenesis or ________________ occurs.

Answer 2

Seminiferous tubules

Spermatogenesis

Question 3

Where is testosterone produced?

Answer 3

In the Leydig cells in the peritubular tissue

Question 4

Explain the movement sperm takes through ducts of the male reproductive system.

Answer 4

Rete testes –> vasa efferentia –> epididymides –> vasa deferentia –> urethra

Question 5

What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

Answer 5

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands

Question 6

What do the accessory glands of the male reproductive system do?

Answer 6

Secrete substances into the ductal system that combine with sperm and testicular fluid to form semen

Question 7

The external genitalia include the ___________, which houses the testes, and the ____________, which is important in ______________ into the female reproductive tract.

Answer 7

Scrotum

Penis

Sperm delivery

Question 8

Identify the labeled parts of the male reproductive system.

Answer 8

Left

Seminal vesicles

Ampulla of the vans deferens

Prostate

Bulbourethral gland

Bottom

Testis

Scrotum

Right

Urinary bladder

Urethra

Epididymis

Glans penis

Question 9

Identify the labeled organs.

Answer 9

Vans deferens

Urinary bladder

Seminal vesicle

Prostate

Penis

Epididymus

Testes

Scrotum

Question 10

Identify the parts.

Answer 10

Left

Urinary bladder

Prostate

Penis

Right

Ampulla of ductus deferens

Seminal vesicle

Bulbourethral gland

Vans deferens

Epididymis

Testis

Urethra

Question 11

Remember, the distance between the genital papilla and the anus is always _______________ in _________ rats.

Answer 11

Greater

Male

Question 12

Each testis is surrounded by a dense fibrous capsule called the _____________________, and a double layer of ______________, which is called the _______________, and also lines the inner surface of the scrotum.

Answer 12

Tunica albuginea

Mesothelium

Tunica vaginalis

Question 13

The coiled tube found on the surface of each testis is the _________________.

Answer 13

Epididymis

Question 14

The _______ epidiymis is anterior to the corpus epididymis, and the ___________ epididymis is posterior to the corpus epidiymis.

Answer 14

Caput (head)

Cauda (tail)

Question 15

In rats, the cauda epididymis is surrounded by an ___________________.

Answer 15

Epididymal fat pad

Question 16

What does the cauda epididymis lead to?

Answer 16

The vans deferens, which then extends through the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity, leading to the urethra

Question 17

The __________ remains open in the rate, occupied by another epididymal fat pad, whereas in humans, the ___________ typically close after testicular descent.

Answer 17

Inguinal canal

Inguinal canal

Question 18

In rats, the ______________ are the lumpy glands located on either side of the urinary bladder, and the _______________, anterior to the prostate, is bilaterally attached to the lesser curvature of the seminal vesicles.

Answer 18

Seminal vesicles

Coagulating gland

Question 19

In the rate, the prostate gland consists of how many paired lobes?

Answer 19

Three: the ventral, dorsolateral, and anterior (coagulating glands)

Question 20

What is different about the rat prostate and human prostate?

Answer 20

The rat prostate is composed of three lobes while the human prostate is a single organ

Question 21

The __________________ glands or Cowper’s glands are located near the base of the penis.

Answer 21

Bulbourethral

Question 22

Additional glands found in male rats but not human males include the _______________ and the __________, which are modified ___________ glands found just lateral to the base of the penis. They are large, flattened, and tan-yellow in color.

Answer 22

Ampullary glands

Preputial glands

Sebacious glands

Question 23

The _______________ extends from the trigone of the urinary bladder to the _____________________.

Answer 23

Urethra

External urethral orifice

Question 24

Identify the labeled parts.

Answer 24

Left

Adrenal gland

Kidney

Urogenital opening

Urinary bladder

Penis

Head epididymis

Testis

Tail epididymis

Scrotum

Right

Ureter

Ducutus deferens/vans deferens

Spermatic cord

Question 25

Identify the labeled parts.

Answer 25

_Left_ Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra Penis _Bottom_ Bulbourethral gland or Cowper's gland Seminal vesicles Epididymis _Right_ Vas deferens Inguinal canal Spermatic cord Testis

Question 26

The ______________ contains the ______________ along with testicular blood vessels and testicular nerve.

Answer 26

Spermatic cord Vans deferens/ductus deferens

Question 27

The ______________________ is the site in the abdominal wall where _____________ and ___________ tissue evaginate or outpocket to form the wall of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 27

Inguinal canal Connective Muscle Scrotum

Question 28

The _______________ is a white, globular mass posterior to the testes that connects the testes to the wall of the scrotum.

Answer 28

Gubernaculum

Question 29

Identify the labeled organs.

Answer 29

_Left_ Penis _Right_ Vas deferans Seminal vesicle Urethra Bulbourethral gland

Question 30

The external opening of the penis in the fetal pig is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

Preputial orifice

Question 31

Identify the parts of the testis cell.

Answer 31

Seminiferous tubule Interstitial cells Sperm

Question 32

Identify the labeled parts of the testis cell.

Answer 32

_Left_ Seminiferous tubule Sertoli cells Leydig cells _Right_ Spermatogonia Primary spermatocytes Spermatids Secondary spermatocytes

Question 33

Identify the labeled parts.

Answer 33

Spermatid Primary spermatocyte Secondary spermatocyte Sertoli cell

Question 34

Identify the labels.

Answer 34

_Left_ Spermatogenesis Spermatogonium Primary spermatocytes Secondary spermatocytes Spermatids Spermiogenesis Sperm _Middle_ Sertoli cell Spermatogonium Primary spermatocyte Leydig cells _Right_ Sertoli cell Spermatids

Question 35

From where in the male reproductive tract does this tissue come from?

Answer 35

Epididymis

Question 36

What type of tissue is labeled? Where are the stereocilia?

Answer 36

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 37

What are stereocilia?

Answer 37

Stereocilia (or stereovilli) are non-motile apical modifications of the cell, which are distinct from cilia and microvilli, but closely related to the latter

Question 38

What type of cell is this? What are its component parts? Where is it produced?

Answer 38

Sperm Head (contains the nucleus), midpiece, and tail (flagellum) Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules

Question 39

Are there differences between species regarding sperm?

Answer 39

Yes, there are significant morphological differences

Question 40

Identify the labeled parts of the human female reproductive system.

Answer 40

_Left_ Perimetrium Cervix Vagina _Right_ Infundibulum Uterine tube Ovary Fimbriae Uterus Urethra

Question 41

Identify the labeled parts of the human female reproductive system.

Answer 41

_Left_ Permetrium Infundibulum _Right_ Fundus of uterus Body of uterus Uterine tube Myometrium Endometrium Fimbriae Ovary Cervix Vagina

Question 42

What part of the uterus is shown? Identify the labels.

Answer 42

Endometrium Stratum funcionalis Stratum basalis Myometrium

Question 43

Identify the labeled parts of the rat female reproductive system.

Answer 43

Ovary Ovariduct Uterus (left uterine horn) Urinary bladder

Question 44

Identify the labeled parts of the rat female reproductive system.

Answer 44

_Left_ Uterine horn Urinary bladder Urethra _Right_ Ureter Uterus (body) Vagina

Question 45

Identify the labeled female rate organs.

Answer 45

_Left_ Adrenal gland Kidney Ovary Oviduct Uterus (uterine horn) Vagina Urethral orifice Vaginal orifice _Right_ Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra

Question 46

In what animal is this figure? Identify the animal's organs.

Answer 46

Ovary Uterine horn Urinary bladder

Question 47

Identify the organs in the female pig.

Answer 47

_Top_ Ovaries _Left_ Urinary bladder Urethra _Right_ Uterine horn Uterine body Vagina Urogenital opening

Question 48

The uterus of a pig is different than that of a human in that the upper part of the uterus is divided into two \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 48

Uterine horns

Question 49

Near the ovaries of a pig, the uterine horns become _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_._

Answer 49

Oviducts

Question 50

The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which carries urine from the bladder, mergrs with the ________________ to form a common duct called the ____________________ in female pigs.

Answer 50

Urethra Vagina Urogenital sinus

Question 51

The basic unit of the ovary is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 51

Follicle

Question 52

Follicle growth and development begins ______________ and may not be completed for some 50 years later.

Answer 52

in utero

Question 53

The majority of ovarian follicles undergo a programmed death called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 53

Atresia

Question 54

What are the stages of ovarian follicle growth?

Answer 54

Primordial Primary Secondary Tertiary (antral)

Question 55

The fully mature, large tertiary follicles, which are primed for the ______ surge, are called the ______________ follicles.

Answer 55

LH Graafian

Question 56

Upon \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the cells of the Graafian follicle undergo a process called ______________________ and a structure called the _______________ replaces the follicle.

Answer 56

Ovulation Luteinization Corpus luteum

Question 57

Regression of the corpus luteum is followed by the formation of ____________ called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 57

Scar tissue Corpus albicans

Question 58

In what organ would you find this cell? Identify its labeled parts.

Answer 58

_Left_ Graafian follicle Resting tertiary follicle Secondary follicle Primary follicle Primordial follicle

Question 59

What is this? Identify the labeled parts.

Answer 59

A mature or Graafian follicle in the ovary _Left_ Basement membrane Antrum Theca cells _Right_ Zona pellucida Corona radiata Primary oocyte Granulosa cells

Question 60

Identify the parts of the Graafian follicle.

Answer 60

_From left to right_ Antrum Zona pellucida Primary oocyte Cumulus oophorus

Question 61

What are the stages of follicule development (in order)?

Answer 61

Primordial, primary, secondary, early antral, late antral, and Graafian

Question 62

Identify the stages of follicle development.

Answer 62

Primordial, primary, secondary, preantral, antral

Question 63

Label the stages of Graafian follicular development.

Answer 63

Primodrial, primary, secondary, Graafian

Question 64

Identify the labeled parts on the slide of a human ovary.

Answer 64

_Top to bottom_ Germinal epithelium Tunica albuginea Follicles Cortex Medulla _Left_ Corpus luteum

Question 65

Identify the follicle type.

Answer 65

Primary Primodrial Primary Secondary

Question 66

What type of follicle is this?

Answer 66

Antral/tertiary follicle

Question 67

The ___________ functions to receive fertilized ovum/early embryo and to provide te enviroment for subsequent embryo and fetal development.

Answer 67

Uterus

Question 68

Histologically, the uterus consists of three layers: ____________ (inner mucosa layer), ____________________ (muscularis), and _________________ (serosa).

Answer 68

Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium

Question 69

The perimetrium consists of _______________ supported by a thin layer of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 69

Mesothelium Connective tissue

Question 70

The myometrium consists of a thick layer of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 70

Smooth muscle

Question 71

The inner layer of the uterus is the __________________ and provides the environment for fetal development. The __________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the endometrium consists of _________________ (tissue type). The supporting _____________ of the uterus contains numerous uterine glands.

Answer 71

Endometrium Surface epithelium Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Stroma

Question 72

What are the two layers of the endometrium?

Answer 72

The inner layer or stratum functionalis The underlying layer or stratus basalis

Question 73

What layer of the endometrium includes the epithelial lining and uterine glands?

Answer 73

Stratum functionalis

Question 74

What layer of the endometrium contains the blood vessels?

Answer 74

Stratum basalis

Question 76

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, ________ causes proliferation of the endometrial \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, causing it to increase in thickness. It becomes more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and the __________________ increase in number. This is called the _________________ phase of the menstrual cycle.

Answer 76

Estrogen Stroma Vascularized Uterine glands Proliferative

Question 77

In what stage of the ovarian cycle are follicles produced?

Answer 77

The follicular phase

Question 78

In what uterine phase are ovarian follicles produced?

Answer 78

The proliferative phase (stratus functionalis) and the preovulatory phase (stratus basalis)

Question 79

How can one distinguish the proliferative or follicular phase and the secretory or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 79

In the proliferative phase, the basalis proliferates to renew the functionalis layer; uterine glands are straight with minimal, if any, secretory product In the secretory phase, the uterine glands are coiled and dilated; the secretion is first basally located before moving to the apex and lumen of the glands

Question 80

In what phase is the endometrium in this slide?

Answer 80

Proliferative

Question 81

In what phase is the endometrium in the slide?

Answer 81

Secretory

Question 82

Identify the labeled parts of the endometrium.

Answer 82

Myometrium Endometrium Stratum basalis Stratum functionalis Uterine glands Stroma

Question 83

In rats, the _________________ epididymis leads to the vas deferens, which then extends through the inguinal cannal into the abdominal cavity, leading to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 83

Caput Urethra

Question 84

The coagulating gland is the anterior _______________ in rats.

Answer 84

Prostate

Question 85

In rats, it is the secretions from the ___________ vesicles, ____________ gland, and ____________ gland that form the seminal fluid.

Answer 85

Seminal Coagulating Bulbourethral

Question 86

The bulbourethral glands or ____________ glands in rats are located near the base of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, embedded within muscle.

Answer 86

Cowper's Penis

Question 87

Male pigs have a urogenital opening that is ______________ to the umbilical cord.

Answer 87

Caudal

Question 88

If you pass a probe through an inguinal canal, you should see the probe entering the ______________ puch.

Answer 88

Cremasteric

Question 89

The epididymis becomes uncoiled as it becomes the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which forms part of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 89

Vas deferens Spermatic cord

Question 90

The vasa deferentia cross over the ____________ and enter the urethra.

Answer 90

Ureters

Question 91

The gubernaculum, the tissue that connects the testes to the wall of the scrotum, plays a role in ______________ the testes into the scrotuma as it grows more slowly.

Answer 91

Pulling

Question 92

In the pig, the urethra is located at the base of the bladder. Following the urethra down, you will find the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the white bulge of tissue on each side where the urethra meets the the penis. As the urethra continues down, it eventually bends back up toward the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The external opening of the penis _______________ orifice is located just below the umbilical cord. The seminal vesicles are glands found on the dorsal surface of the urethra near the location where the vasa deferentia enter.

Answer 92

Bulbourethral glands Umbilical cord Preputial

Question 93

During the ___________ phase of the ovarian cycle, the increase _______________ from the ______________ promotes increased secretion from the ____________ glands. During \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the ___________________ is shed.

Answer 93

Luteal Progesterone Corpus luteum Stratum functionalis Menstruation Stratum functionalis

Question 94

The ____________ reproductive system functions in female gamete production or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, reception of male gametes, and provision of a suitable enviornment for fertilization as well as for the development of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 94

Female Oogenesis Fetus

Question 95

The female reproductive system functions to provide a way for the ________________ of the developed fetus as well as provide nutrition to the newborn.

Answer 95

Expulsion

Question 96

The female reproductive system consists of the paired ____________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the vagina, the external genitalia, and the ___________ glands.

Answer 96

Ovaries Oviducts Uterus Mammay

Question 97

What are the primary female reproductive organs?

Answer 97

The ovaries

Question 99

During pregnancy, the size of the muscle fibers in the ________________ increase greatly, and the ____________ is able to produce very strong contractions during childbirth.

Answer 99

Myometrium Myometrium

Question 100

What are the three muscle layers of the myometrium?

Answer 100

Longitudinal, oblique, and transferse

Question 101

The ovary is _________ in shape and about the size of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 101

Oval Peanut

Question 102

What is the hilum?

Answer 102

The point of entry of the nerves and blood vessels into the ovary and serves as the site of attachment of the ovary to the mesovarium (portion of the broad ligament that suspends the ovary)