Reproductive System

Question 1

functions of the reproductive system

Answer 1

• production/nurturing of cells
• transportation of sex cells
• production of sex hormones
• protection/nourishment of developing offspring

Question 2

what distinguishes female primary/secondary sex organs?

Answer 2

whether or not they produce sex cells and hormones

Question 3

ovaries

Answer 3

• only primary female sex organ*
• produce/maintain female gamete
• ovoid shaped glands size of almond

Question 4

ovarian stroma

Answer 4

-functional tissue of each solid gland
-2 regions:
outer cortex
inner medulla

Question 5

ovarian cortex (outer stroma)

Answer 5

-contains cells that:
produce gametes
nourish developing gametes
produce female sex hormones

Question 6

ovarian medulla (inner stroma)

Answer 6

• delivers nutrients/removes waste from cortex

- primary supportive layer

Question 7

what is each ovary held in place by?

Answer 7

supportive ovarian ligaments

Question 8

ovarian ligament

Answer 8

medial aspect of ovary to lateral wall

Question 9

suspensory ligament (infundivulopelvic)

Answer 9

lateral aspect of ovary to postero-medial pelvic wall

Question 10

female sex cells

Answer 10

ova

Question 11

oocyte maturation

Answer 11

a

Question 12

chromosomes in diploid cell

Answer 12

46 chromosomes

Question 13

chromosomes in haploid cell

Answer 13

23 chromosomes

Question 14

oogenesis

Answer 14

diploid cell splits into 2 haploid cells

Question 15

menarche

Answer 15

females first menstrual cycle

Question 16

fertilization

Answer 16

secondary oocyte penetrated by sperm cell

Question 17

point at which individual becomes reproductively mature is known as?

Answer 17

puberty

Question 18

female primary sex characteristics

Answer 18

• initial release of ESTROGEN initiates development*
• development/enlargement ovaries
• accessory sex organs

Question 19

female secondary sex characteristics

Answer 19

• initial release of ESTROGEN initiates development*
• breasts
• adipose tissue
• voice pitch

Question 20

estrogen

Answer 20

generator

development and maintenance of primary/secondary sex characteristics

Question 21

progesterone

Answer 21

maintainer

Question 22

lateral, open, funnel shaped end of fallopian tubes?

Answer 22

infundibulum

Question 23

innermost uterine wall (mucosa)

Answer 23

ciliated columnar epithelium and secretory cells

Question 24

middle layer uterine wall (muscular)

Answer 24

smooth muscle tissue

Question 25

what are the ideal sites of sperm fertilization?

Answer 25

uterine tubes

Question 26

fundus

Answer 26

- superior most portion of uterus | - superior to uterine tubes

Question 27

corpus

Answer 27

- uterine body | - central most portion

Question 28

cervix

Answer 28

inferior most portion of uterus

Question 29

endometrium

Answer 29

innermost layer of the uterine wall

Question 30

myomentrium

Answer 30

- middle layer of uterine wall - thickest - smooth muscle fibers

Question 31

visceral peritoneum (perimetrium)

Answer 31

-outermost layer | -

Question 32

4 paired ligaments of uterus

Answer 32

- round ligaments - broad ligaments - cardinal (lateral cervical) ligaments - uterosacral ligaments

Question 33

vagina

Answer 33

female copulatory organ

Question 34

external opening of vagina

Answer 34

vaginal orifice or introitus

Question 35

bartholins glands are located

Answer 35

*vagina*

Question 36

skenes glands are located

Answer 36

female *urethra*

Question 37

name and function used collectively for female external accessory organs?

Answer 37

- Vulva/Pudendum | - aids in copulation

Question 38

parts of vulva/pudendum

Answer 38

- mons pubis - labia majora - labia minora - clitoris

Question 39

lactation

Answer 39

- the synthesis secretion and ejection of milk | - prolactin/oxytocin

Question 40

prolactin

Answer 40

- synthesis and secretion of milk | - anterior pituitary hormone

Question 41

oxytocin

Answer 41

- ejection of milk | - posterior pituitary hormone

Question 42

areola

Answer 42

circular pigmented area surrounding nipple

Question 43

average duration of menstrual cycle?

Answer 43

28 days

Question 44

average onset of menarche?

Answer 44

12.8 years

Question 45

menopause

Answer 45

cessation of menstrual cycle in late forties early fifties

Question 46

menstrual phase (5)

Answer 46

- estrogen/progesterone levels drop - endometrial ischemia/sloughing - anterior pituitary secretes FSH - stimulates development primary ovarian follicle - ovarian follicle secretes estrogen responsible for regeneration and development of endo wall

Question 47

what causes ovulation?

Answer 47

sudden surge in LH

Question 48

secretory/luteal phase?

Answer 48

- maintains uterus lining | - development of stratum functionalis

Question 49

primary male sex organ

Answer 49

* testes* - paired - produce maintain male gametes

Question 50

seminiferous tubules

Answer 50

- produce sperm cells | - coiled convoluted tubes