Reproductive Systen Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the two categories of reproductive organs in humans?
- Primary reproductive Parts (Gonads), they produce the gametes
- Accessory reproductive parts - includes all those structures, ducts and glands which help in transfer and meeting of two kinds of sex cells leading to fertilisation.
What are the accessory glands in male reproductive system?
- Seminal vesicles
- Prostate gland
- Bulbo-urethral glands or Cowper’s gland
What is the ideal temperature for speed production in the testes?
2-3°C lower than body temperature.
What is spermatogenesis? What is oogenesis?
Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperms are produced.
Oogenesis is the process by which the ova-producing cells give rise to mature ovum.
Which cells produce the male hormone testosterone? And state their location.
The cells which produce Testosterone are called Leydig Cells also called Interstitial cells. They are present between the coils of the seminiferous tubules.
Make a flowchart of the course of sperms in male
Seminiferous tubules (produces Sperm) —> network of tubules —> Efferent Duct —> Upper (head) epididymis —> mid-epididymis —> hind-epididymis —> sperm duct (vas deferens) —> urethra (penis)
What are the 5 organs of the female Reproductive system?
- Ovaries
- Oviducts
- Uterus
- Vagina
- Vulva
What is ovulation? Name the structure that picks up the egg.
Name the yellow mass which is the remnant of the Follicle.
Ovulation is the rupture of follicle releasing the egg. Fimbrae (cilia) are the structures that pick up the egg.
The yellow mass is called Corpus Luteum
What are the two hormones secreted by Ovaries?
- Estrogen (oestrogen)
- Progesterone
Which is the membrane which partially closes the vagina in young females?
Hymen (or virgin knot) . It is rupture frequently in childhood due to strenuous exercise or disease.
Which organ contains openings of the urethra in females? Name the two small fleshy folds.
The vulva. The labia Minora (lesser lips) and labia majors (greater lips) ; these are equivalent to the male scrotum.
Which organ in females is equivalent to the male penis?
The Clitoris
What is the function of the Uterus?
Protects and nourishes growing embryo.
What is menarche? And what is menopause?
Menarche is the onset of menstruation in young females around age 13
Menopause is the permanent stoppage of menstruation in females at about age of 45 years.
Define Fertilization
The fusion of male (sperm) and female gamete (ovum) to form a zygote is called fertilization
What days are the most favorable days for becoming pregnant?
A few days after ovulation (12th or 13th) are most favorable.
Which part of the sperm cell provides Energy(ATP) for swimming? What is the genetic material in the sperm?
The mitochondria. The genetic material may be (22 + X) or (22 + Y)
What is Acrosome of sperm? What does it secrete? And state it’s function?
The acrosome is at the top of the head of sperm. It secreted Hyaluronidase enzyme and it facilitates entry of Sperm into egg by dissolving wall of ovum.
What is implantation?
Implantation is the process of fixing of the blastocyst to the wall of the uterus/endometrium is termed as implantation.
When is an embryo called a foetus?
An embryo is called a fetus after a period of 7 weeks (when it starts having a look of a baby)
Name the fluid that is present between the amnion and the embryo. What is the function of this fluid?
The fluid is called amniotic fluid. The functions of amniotic fluid are:
1. Protects embryo from jerks or mechanical shocks.
2. Keeps even pressure around embryo
3. Allows foetus some restricted movement
4. Prevents sticking of foetus to amnion.
What are the four extra-embryonic membranes developed by the blastocyst?
- Amnion
- Chorion
- Allantois
- Placenta
Which is the cord containing blood vessels which connects placenta with the foetus?
The umbilical Cord
What substances are transported from foetus to mother for elimination?
- Carbon dioxide
- Urea
- Other waste products
