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Anatomy BenJ > Resp. Thorax 1 > Flashcards

Resp. Thorax 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nasal Cavity
Mouth
Pharynx
~ Larynx

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2
Q

What makes up the lower respiratory tracT?

A

~Larynx
Trachea
Primary Bronchi
Lungs

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3
Q

What seperates the upper/lower respiratory tracts?

A

The sternal angle or cricoid cartilage.

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4
Q

What is the cricoid cartilage?

A

Ring shaped cartilage of the larynx

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5
Q

What term refers to the branching structure of airways?

A

The respiratory or Tracheobronchial tree

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6
Q

What is teh differnce between the conducting & respiratory portions of the tracheobronchial tree?

A

Conducting portion - No gas exchange occurs

Respiratory portion - Gas exchange occurs.

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7
Q

What are the 10 sections of the tracheobronchial tree?

A

1) TRachea
2) Main Bronchus
3) Lobar Bronchus
4) Segmental Bronchus
5) Conducting Bronchus
6) Terminal Bronchus
7) Respiratory BRonchus
8) Alveolar Duct
9) Alveolar Sac
10) Alveolus

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8
Q

Where is the larynx found?

A

Anterior Neck

Between C3-C6

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9
Q

What innervates the larynx?

A

The Vagus Nerve

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10
Q

Where does the larynx extend?

A

From the epiglottis tip to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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11
Q

What are the important pieces of surface anatomy in the larynx?

A

Hyoid
Thyrohyoid membrane
Laryngeal Prominence
Cricoid Cartilage

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12
Q

At what vertebral level is the Hyoid?

A

C2/C3

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13
Q

At what vertebral level is the Thyrohyoid membrane?

A

C4

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14
Q

At what vertebral level is the Laryngeal Prominence?

A

C5

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15
Q

At what vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage/start of trachea?

A

C6

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16
Q

What are the lobes of the left lung?

A

Superior

Inferior

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17
Q

What are the lobes of the right lung?

A

Superior
Inferior
Middle

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18
Q

What do we call the inferior surface of the lungs?

A

Diaphragmatic

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19
Q

What do we call the medial surface of the lungs?

A

Mediastinal

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20
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the lung?

A

Costal
Medial
Inferior

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21
Q

What is the lingula?

A

A thin tongue like process of the superior lobe in the left lung.

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22
Q

What creates the lingula?

A

The cardiac notch

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23
Q

What is the lung hilum?

A

Area on the mediastinal surface where lung root enters

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24
Q

Whats lung root?

A

Group os structures entering the lung:

  • Bronchus
  • Artery
  • Veins
  • Lymphatics
  • Nerves
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25
What are the 2 bronchi of the right lung?
Eparterial bronchus supplies superior lobe | Hyparterial bronchus supplies middle/inferior lobe
26
What structure of the hilum is the most superior?
Pulmonary artery (eparterial bronchus in r. lung)
27
What structure is most inferior in the hilum?
Inferior Pulmonary Vein
28
What structure is the most anterior in the hilum?
Superior Pulmonary Vein
29
What structure is the most posterior in the hilum?
Bronchus
30
What are the 4 sections f the parietal pleura?
Cupular (cervical) Mediastinal Diaphragmatic Costal
31
What nerves supply the parietal pleura?
Intercostal | Phrenic
32
What nerves supply the visceral pleura?
Intercostal nerves (T2-T5)
33
What is a pleural reflection?
Place at which parietal pleura changes direction
34
What is a plerual recess?
Increased space between pleura at relfections
35
What are the names of the pleural reflections/recesses?
Costomediastinal (center) | Costodiaphragmatic (costophrenic angle)
36
At what level is hte inferior margin of the lung in the midclavicular line?
Rib 6
37
At what level is hte inferior margin of the lung in the midaxillary line?
Rib 8
38
At what level is the inferior margin of the lung at the midscapular line?
Rib 10
39
What the differnece between the inferior marign of the lung and the parietal pleura?
The inferior margin of the parietal pleura is 2 ribs lower.
40
What rib does the horizontal fissure follow?
4th rib anteriorly
41
What rib does the oblique fissures follow?
Begin at T3 spine and follow 6th rib anteriorly.
42
What are the layers of the trachea?
Tracheal cartilage Submucosa Mucosa (Lamina propria & Respiratory epithelium)
43
What is absent from bronchioles?
Cartilage Glands Goblet cells
44
What happens to the epithelial tissue down the airway?
It becomes flatter from trachea -> alveoli: Columnar Cuboidal Squamous
45
What happens to cartilage down the airway?
Trachea - Rings Bronchi - Small plates Bronchioles - absent
46
What parts make up the thoracic inlet?
T1 1st rib pair Manubrium 1st pair costal cartilage
47
How many articular facets are there on a ribs head?
2 | Except the 1st rib which has 1
48
What is the extra tubercle on the 1st rib for?
Attaching to the scalene muscle
49
What lies in the 1st rib anterior groove?
Subclavian Vein
50
What leis int he 1st ribs posterior groove?
Subclavian artery & lowest trunk of brachial plexus
51
With what does the head of the rib articulate?
The body of the vertebrae with the same number andteh one above
52
What is the name for the rib-vertebra joint?
Costovertebral joint
53
What kind of joint is the costovertebral joint?
Synovial plane
54
With what does the tubercle of the rib articulate?
The transverse process of the thoracic vertebra of the same number
55
Whats the name of the rib-transverse process joint?
Costotransverse joint
56
What type of joint is the costotransverse joint?
Synovial plane joint
57
What makes up the thoracic outlet (anatomically)?
T12 vertebra 11th & 12th ribs Xiphisternal joint Costal cartilage of tibs 7-10
58
Where does the left side of the chest wall drain to?
Left side of chest wall - > Thoracic Duct - > Left brachiocephalic Vein
59
What is a brachiocephalic vein?
Vein produced at the merge of the internal jugular vein & subclavian vein
60
Where does the right side of the chest wall drain to?
Right side of chest wall - > Right lymphatic Duct - > Right Brachiocephalic Vein
61
What are the peripheral attachments of the diaphragm?
Lumbar vertebrae Arcuate ligaments Costal cartilage of 7-12 ribs Xiphisternum
62
What is the central attachment of the diaphragm?
Central tendon
63
What re the right and left crura?
Tendinous parts of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebrae
64
From where does the right crus arise?
L1-L3
65
From where does the elft crus arise?
L1-L2
66
How does the right crus prevent gastric reflux?
Some fibres suround the oesophageal opening
67
What movement does teh diaphragm make in inspiration?
Contracts & descends | i.e. flattens
68
What nerve roots make up the phrenic nerve?
Anterior rami of the C3, C4, C5
69
Which part od the phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm via the inferior surface?
Motor fibres
70
What part of the diaphragm are supplied by sensory fibres of teh phrenic nerve?
The central part
71
What part of the diaphragm is innervated by the intercostal nerves?
sensory fibres of Intercostal nerves from T7-T12 innervate the peripheral protion of the dipahragm
72
What is the name of the hiatus transmitting the IVC?
The caval opening
73
What does teh caval opening transmit?
The IVC | Right phrenic nerve
74
What does the aortic hiatus transmit?
- Aorta - Azygos vein - Hemiazygos vein - Thoracic Duct
75
What does the oesophageal hiatus transmit?
- Oesophagus | - Both Vagus nerves
76
At what vertberal level is the caval opening?
T8
77
At what vertebral level is the oesophageal hiatus?
T10
78
At what vertebral level is the aortic hiatus?
T12
79
What part of the diaphragm is penetrated by the caval opening?
Caval opening penetrates the central tendon
80
What part of the diaphragm is penetrated by the oesophageal hiatus?
Muscular sling of the right crus
81
What part of the diaphragm is penetrated by the Aortic hiatus?
Between the right/left crus.
82
From where does the phrenic nerve originate?
C3-C5 (but mainly C4)
83
In whats ways do the phrenic nerves innervate the diaphragm?
Motor supply | Sensory supply to the central tendon
84
What nerve is repsonsible for innervating the larynx?
The vagus nerve
85
What are the arcuate ligaments?
Peripheral attachments of the diaphragm | There are 3
86
Name the 3 arcuate ligaments?
Medial Median Lateral
87
What does the median arcuate ligament do?
It joins the right and left crura
88
Where do the crura attach?
Right - L1-L3 | Left - L1-L2

Anatomy BenJ (8 decks)

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