respiratory infections ACUTE PHARYNGITIS

Question 1

acute infection of the oropharynx or nasopharynx is called what

Answer 1

acute pharyngitis (strep throat)

Question 2

what specific group causes strep throat/ acute pharyngitis

Answer 2

group A Beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS)

Question 3

what age group is most susceptible to GABHS/ strep throat

Answer 3

children 5-15

Question 4

when is strep throat most common?

Answer 4

winter and early spring

Question 5

what is the most common cause of strep throat

Answer 5

group A B-hemolytic streptococci

Question 6

what are some severe conditions that may occur if strep throat is not treated appropriately

Answer 6

Acute glomerulonephritis
Rheumatic Fever
Mastoiditis
Peritonsillar or retropharyngeal abscess
Otitis media
Reactive arthritis
Necrotizing fasciitis

Question 7

What Viruses etiology can cause pharyngitis

Answer 7

Rhinovirus 
Influenza
Cornonavirus
Herpes simplex virus
Adenovirus
Parainfluenza virus
Epstein-Barr virus

Question 8

describe the pathophysiology of transmitting GABHS

Answer 8

1. asymptomatic pharyngeal carriers
2. carrier has alteration in host immunity
3. bacteria migrate and cause infection

Question 9

what type of test is given to diagnose GABHS and then start treating for antibiotics

Answer 9

1. rapid antigen detection tests

2. cultures (Gold standard but take longer)

Question 10

what is a problem with over testing people for strep throat

Answer 10

many people are carriers and do not need antibiotic treatment since there is no infection

Question 11

what is the preferred therapy for treating GABHS

Answer 11

penicillin V PO for 10 days
or
1 dose of Penacillin G benzathine

Question 12

what should be used for patients with penicillin allergies for GABHS

Answer 12

1. cephalexin
2. cefadroxil
3. clindamycin
4. azithromycin
5. clarithromycin

Question 13

if patient remains symptomatic after antibiotics when can throat cultures be done

Answer 13

2 to 7 days after completion of antibiotics

Question 14

what categorizes influenza as influenza type A

Answer 14

influenzatype A is categorized based on surface antigens:
hemagglutinin (H1, H2, H3)
neuraminidase (N1, N2)

Question 15

what type of flue is responsible for the regular, seasonal epidemics of the flu

Answer 15

influenza type A

Question 16

what type of flu is associated with sporadic outbreaks, particularly among residents of long-term care facilities

Answer 16

influenza type B

Question 17

how is the flu transmitted
What is the incubation time
How long are people infectious

Answer 17

1. respiratory droplets go from one person to another
2. incubation period from 1-7 days, 2 days on average
3. adults are infectious within 1 day before until 7 days after illness. children can be infectious for 10 days.

Question 18

how is the flu diagnosed

Answer 18

rapid antigen test 
RT-PCR test (point of care test)
viral cultures (uncommon)

Question 19

what are the best ways for prevention of the flu

Answer 19

1. vaccination
2. hand hygiene
3. respiratory etiquette
4. contact avoidance
5. chemoprophylaxis

Question 20

people younger than what age should not receive a flu vaccine

Answer 20

less than 6 months

all others should be vaccinated annually

Question 21

what are the age groups for the trivalent vaccine?

for the live-attenuated flu vaccine

Answer 21

trivalent = 6 months or older

live attenuated = 2-49 years old

Question 22

what type of vaccine can immunocompromised individuals have for the flu

Answer 22

trivalent only, not live-attenuated

Question 23

what flu vaccine is not recommended for pregnancy

Answer 23

live attenuated is not recommended

trivalent only

Question 24

how is live-attenuated vaccine administered

Answer 24

intranasally

Question 25

how was the flublock vaccine made?

what is the age range

Answer 25

with insect vectors, no live attenuated parts; only good for folks 18-49

Question 26

what are the neuraminidase inhibitors

Answer 26

Tamiflu - oseltamivir

Relenza - zanamivir