respiratory (simplified)

Question 1

What kind of infection is otitis media?

Answer 1

common, self-limiting VIRAL infection

Question 2

how does otitis media present?

Answer 2

bulging eardrum

spontaneous rupture of eardrum

Question 3

how do you treat otitis media?

Answer 3

analgesia

antibiotic treatment usually doesn’t help

Question 4

what is otitis media?

Answer 4

inflammation of the MIDDLE ear

otitis externa would be the outer ear

Question 5

URTI examples:

Answer 5

tonsillitis/ pharyngitis

rhinitis

croup

epiglottitis

Question 6

laryngotracheobronchitis

Answer 6

croup

Question 7

LRTI examples

Answer 7

bronchiolitis

pneumonia

pertussis

bronchitis

Question 8

Croup symptoms:

Answer 8

stridor

Coryza (cold, inflamed mucosa in the nose)

hoarse voice

‘barking cough’

Question 9

how do you treat croup?

Answer 9

oral dexamethasone

Question 10

how do you treat epiglottitis?

Answer 10

antibiotics and intubation

Question 11

stridor is usually a symptoms of infections like:

Answer 11

croup

epiglottitis

Question 12

URTI are very common but are also

Answer 12

self limiting!!!

antibiotics don’t usually help

Question 13

common bacteria in LRTIs

Answer 13

Strep pneumoniae,

Haemophilus influenzae,

Moraxella catarrhalis,

Mycoplasma pneumoniae,

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 14

if they have a wheeze- what is unlikely?

Answer 14

bacterial cause

Question 15

if the signs are in one area

creps

high fever

what does this point to in a child?

Answer 15

pneumonia

Question 16

-

Answer 16

-

Question 17

what are signs that a child is in respiratory stress?

Answer 17

• increased respiratory rate
• increased heart rate
• nasal flaring
• grunting
• agitation
• use of accessory muscles

Question 18

what are the signs that a child is in respiratory failure?

Answer 18

low oxygen stats

cyanosis

somnolence

less respiratory rate and heart rate

Question 19

differentials of cough

Answer 19

asthma

infection

allergic rhinitis

inhaled foreign body

CF

Question 20

differentials of wheeze

Answer 20

asthma

infection - bronchiolitis/pneumonia

allergy (milk allergy)

inhaled foreign body

CF

Question 21

differentials for stridor

Answer 21

infection - croup, epiglottitis

anaphylaxis

inhaled foreign body

Question 22

differentials for respiratory crackles

Answer 22

pneumonia (unilateral)

bronchiolitis (bilateral)

Question 23

stridor suggests the problem is where?

Answer 23

upper respiratory tract

Question 24

wheeze suggests the problem is where?

Answer 24

lower respiratory tract

Question 25

if you hear crackles +/- wheeze in a child - what might they have?

Answer 25

bronchiolitis

Question 26

bronchiolitis causes:

Answer 26

RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)

paraflu

Question 27

what are some signs/ symptoms of pneumonia

Answer 27

signs are in one area (focal)

high fever

respiratory stress

bronchial breathing and crackles heard

malaise/ poor feeding

Question 28

how do you treat pneumonia?

Answer 28

amoxcillin

macrolide

Question 29

what is whooping cough also known as?

what is the bacteria?

Answer 29

pertussis

bordetella pertussis

Question 30

common reasons for heart failure in children is structural defects such as:

Answer 30

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)

coarctation of the of
aorta

valve disease

Question 31

coarctation of the aorta (aortic narrowing) is common in what syndrome?

Answer 31

turners

Question 32

two main defining features of croup

Answer 32

subglottic inflammation

oedema

Question 33

over 5 years old what do you give for asthma

Answer 33

SABA

LABA / ICS

Question 34

under 5 years old what do you give for asthma

Answer 34

SABA

LTRA