Respiratory System Flashcards
(53 cards)
A lack of oxygen at high altitudes can lead to what medical condition?
Due to the lack of oxygen altitude can lead to hypoxia which causes an increase in breathing rate and depth.
What is the name of the volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs after maximal inspiration AND amount of air left in the lungs
Total Lung Capacity (6 L)
Commonly known as the voice box
Has rigid walls of cartilage
Connects the pharynx to the trachea
Larynx
Tiny air sacs where gaseous exchange happens. There are about 300,000,000 in each lung
Alveoli
Small flap of cartilage that allows food to pass into the stomach and not into the lungs
Epiglottis
Explain what an increase of strength in the respiratory muscles will do?
Training will increase the strength of the muscles of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles meaning it will increase the chest cavity allowing more oxygen to be taken into the lungs, thus more energy.
What happens to our breath when we exercise?
Breathing rate increases (quicker breathes)
Explain what an increased in vital capacity will do?
Training will increase this meaning there will be a more efficient supply of oxygen to the working muscles, thus more energy.
The passing of air through the lungs in one minute is called…
Minute Volume
What is the volume of air that can be forced out the lungs after maximal inspiration?
Vital Capacity (4.8 L)
Describe the process of Partial Pressure/Altitude
Partial pressure tells us how much of a particular gas is present. Oxygen moves from
high pressure (alveoli) to low pressure (capillaries) until the pressure are equal
The greater the difference in gasses, the faster the rate of diffusion
At altitude there is less oxygen reducing the partial pressure
Because there is less oxygen available you have to work harder this can cause: shortness
of breath, dizziness and difficulties in concentration.
Which muscles lie outside the ribcage and draw the ribs upwards and outwards
External Intercostal Muscles
Name of the chamber in chest that is protected by the ribs and sternum
Thoracic Cavity
What is the process for Inspiration?
The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract
When the diaphragm contracts it flattens and the external
intercostal muscles raise the ribs upwards and outwards
This increases the area of the thoracic cavity
The increase in area reduces the pressure inside the lungs
compared to the outside
This causes air to enter the lungs
Name of the condition where the airways are restricted?
Asthma
What is the amount of air inspired or expired in a normal breath when the person is at rest?
Tidal Volume (0.5L)
What is the immediate response to the respiratory system after exercise?
- Increased Breathing Rate (quicker breathes)
- Increased Tidal Volume (deeper breathes)
The thorax increases in size to allow air to be taken in is called…
Inspiration
Name the accessory structure of the respiratory system from the top to bottom.
Cartliage rings (around trachea)
Section of Ribs
Intercostal Muscle (internal and external)
Diaphragm muscle
Fibrous region of Diaphragm
When exercise occurs, what do we need more off?
Oxygen, for energy production
Explain the Neural control of breathing
The contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are responsible for
inspiration and expiration.
The contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are controlled by
neurons
The neurons that control breathing come from the medulla oblongata which is
located in the brain
When we exercise the medulla oblongata with send impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to contract which speeds up breathing
What is responsible for involuntary functions such as breathing?
Medulla Oblongata
Branch off from the trachea and carry air into the lungs
Bronchi
Name the process by which a substance such as oxygen passes through a cell membrane either to get into the cell or to get out of the cell
Diffusion - it happens from an area where they are more concentrated to an areas where they are less concentrated.
For example - Low CO2 in alveoli/High CO2 in blood
