Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the 7 structures involved in the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Nose
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx and trachea
Bronchi and bronchioles
Lungs
Respiratory pump

Question 2

What are the nose and naval cavity seperated by?

Answer 2

Septum

Question 3

What tissue is the nose/nasal cavity lined with?

Answer 3

Ciliated collumnar epithelial

Question 4

What is the function of nose/nasal cavity in respiration?

Answer 4

Warms, filters and moistens air

Question 5

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

Answer 5

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 6

What tissue is the oropharynx and larngopharynx lined with?

Answer 6

Stratified squamous epithelial

Question 7

What is the function of the pharynx during respiration?

Answer 7

Passageway for food and air
Warms and humidifies air
Protection- lymphatic tissue

Question 8

What is the larynx also known as?

Answer 8

Voice box

Question 9

What does the larynx have which stops food from travelling down the wrong way?

Answer 9

Epiglottis

Question 10

What is the main functions of the larynx during respiration?

Answer 10

Protection of lower respiratory tract (epiglottis)
Humidifies and warms air

Question 11

What is the trachea also knows as?

Answer 11

Wind pipe

Question 12

At level T5 what does the trachea seperate into?

Answer 12

Left and right bronchi

Question 13

What’s are the functions of the rings of cartilage around trachea?

Answer 13

Keep wind pipe open and stop obstruction when moving head and neck

Question 14

What do the bronchiole cilla do?

Answer 14

Hair like projections trap particles in lumen of airway

Question 15

The lungs have 2 layers, what layer attached the lungs to the thoracic cavity?

Answer 15

Perietal

Question 16

The pleural cavity is the are between the two layers of the lungs; it contains fluid, what happens if this becomes infected?

Answer 16

Pleurisy

Question 17

Where does gaseous exchange take place?

Answer 17

Alveoli at end of bronchioles

Question 18

What is surfactant?

Answer 18

Phospholipid fluid that stops alveoli from drying out

Question 19

What are the main muscles used in breathing?

Answer 19

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 20

What happens to the diaphragm on contraction?

Answer 20

Flattens and increases thoracic volume

Question 21

What happens when external intercostal muscles contract?

Answer 21

Increase volume of thoracic cavity

Question 22

What do the internal intercostal muscles do on exhalation?

Answer 22

Make the thoracic cavity smaller again

Question 23

The sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles are used when?

Answer 23

Strenuous inspiration for example excercise

Question 24

Why does gaseous exchange occur?

Answer 24

When there is a difference in partial pressure

Question 25

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 25

Diffusion do gasses down their concentration gradient to achieve equilibrium

Question 26

Where do gasses exchange during internal respiration?

Answer 26

Exchange of gases between blood, blood capillaries and cells Remove oxygen and add Carbon dioxide

Question 27

Where do gasses exchange in external respiration?

Answer 27

Exchange between alveoli ans blood Add oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Question 28

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Answer 28

Remove carbon dioxide and ensure oxygen enters body

Question 29

What is carbon dioxide carried by in the blood?

Answer 29

Erythrocytes

Question 30

What is oxygen carried by in the blood?

Answer 30

Haemoglobin

Question 31

What is respiration?

Answer 31

Exchange of gasses between cells and the environment

Question 32

Is the respiration in lungs external or internal?

Answer 32

External

Question 33

Is the respiration in tissues external or internal?

Answer 33

Internal

Question 34

What is the correct term for breathing?

Answer 34

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 35

What is breathing?

Answer 35

Movement of air in and out of lungs

Question 36

What are the 3 stages of breath?

Answer 36

Inspiration Expiration Pause inbetween breaths

Question 37

What is the average breathing rate?

Answer 37

12-15 per min

Question 38

During inspiration what happens to the muscles and diaphram?

Answer 38

Diaphram contracts and moves down Intercostal muscles contract and move ribs upwards and outwards Thoracic cavity increases and decreases air pressure

Question 39

During expiration, what happens to the diaphragm and muscles?

Answer 39

The diaphram moves up The intercostal muscles move the ribs in and down The air pressure increases Decreases volume of thoracic cavity

Question 40

Does expiration or inspiration require active transport?

Answer 40

Inspiration

Question 41

What is tidal volume?

Answer 41

Amount of air breathed in with normal breath 500ml

Question 42

What is vital capacity?

Answer 42

Max amount of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much air as possible

Question 43

What is the sum for vital capacity?

Answer 43

Tidal volume + inspiration reserve volume + expirations reserve volume

Question 44

What does dead space mean?

Answer 44

Air that has entered lungs but not reached alveoli (150mls)

Question 45

What is total lung capacity?

Answer 45

Max air in lungs