Respiratory System

Question 1

What occurs to the diaphragm in inspiration?

Answer 1

It contracts to expand the lungs

Question 2

What occurs to the diaphragm in expiration?

Answer 2

It relaxes to decrease the volume of the lungs

Question 3

What is the total volume of the lungs?

Answer 3

6 litres

Question 4

What are the components of total lung volume?

Answer 4

• Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
• Tidal Volume (TV)
• Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
• Residual Volume (RV)

Question 5

What are the components of vital capacity?

Answer 5

-Everything but Residual Volume

Question 6

What is tidal volume?

Answer 6

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled in one breath

Question 7

What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?

Answer 7

Amount of air in excess of tidal inspiration that can be inhaled with maximum effort

Question 8

What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

Answer 8

Amount of air in excess of tidal expiration that can be exhaled with maximum effort

Question 9

What is residual volume (RV) and what is its purpose?

Answer 9

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration; keeps alveoli inflated between breaths and mixes with fresh air on next inspiration

Question 10

What is Vital Capacity (VC) and what is it used to assess??

Answer 10

Amount of air that can be exhaled with maximum effort after maximum inspiration; used to assess thoracic muscle strength and pulmonary function

Question 11

What is Inspiratory Capacity (IC)?

Answer 11

Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration (TV + IRV)

Question 12

What is functional residual capacity (FRC)?

Answer 12

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration (RV + ERV)

Question 13

What is the typical value for Tidal volume (TV) at rest?

Answer 13

500ml

Question 14

What is the typical value for Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) at rest?

Answer 14

3000ml

Question 15

What is the typical value for Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) at rest?

Answer 15

1200ml

Question 16

What is the typical value for Residual Volume (RV) at rest?

Answer 16

1200ml

Question 17

What is the typical value for Vital Capacity (VC) at rest?

Answer 17

4700ml

Question 18

What is the typical value for Inspiratory Capacity (IC) at rest?

Answer 18

3500ml

Question 19

What is the typical value for Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) at rest?

Answer 19

2400ml

Question 20

What is the typical value for total lung capacity at rest?

Answer 20

5900ml

Question 21

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 21

• Provides Oxygen
• Removes CO2
• Regulates pH
• Forms speech
• Defends against microbes
• Traps and dissolves blood clots

Question 22

What is the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Answer 22

Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, and Terminal Bronchioles

Question 23

What is the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

Answer 23

Respiratory bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts and Alveolar sacs

Question 24

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 24

At a constant temperature, as volume increases, pressure decreases and vice versa

Question 25

How does a contraction of the diaphragm by 1cm change pressure and thus volume?

Answer 25

Decreases pressure by 3mmHG, increasing volume by 500ml

Question 26

Explain the exchange surface of your lungs?

Answer 26

- Surfactant - Epithelium - Basement Alveolar Membrane - Interstitial Space - Basement Capillary Membrane - Endothelium

Question 27

What is Dalton's Law?

Answer 27

Each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure.

Question 28

What is the pressure of specific gas in a mixture called?

Answer 28

The partial pressure

Question 29

What is the pressure of air?

Answer 29

760mmHG

Question 30

What is henry's law?

Answer 30

The quantity of a gas that will be dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility coefficient

Question 31

Oxygen is relatively insoluble in water, so how is it carried in the blood?

Answer 31

-98% of it is transported by Haemoglobin found in erythrocytes

Question 32

What is the Bohr Effect?

Answer 32

Haemoglobin affinity for oxygen is inversely related to the concentration of CO2/acidity. Less CO2 means higher partial pressure of oxygen, so higher affinity for oxygen, and vice versa

Question 33

What part of the brain is respiration regulated by at rest?

Answer 33

Brainstem (Pons and Medulla Oblongata)

Question 34

What are the different centres of the Pons in the brainstem that regulate respiration?

Answer 34

Pneumotaxic and Apneustic Centres

Question 35

What are the two kinds of chemoreceptors involved in regulating respiration and where are they located?

Answer 35

Peripheral - in carotid bodies and aorta. Responds to changes in partial pressure of O2 and CO2 Central - located on medulla. Respond to changes in pH of spinal fluid