Respiratory System Flashcards Preview

Physiology 202 Lab > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Respiratory System Deck (71)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A
  • gas exchange
  • regulates blood pH
  • filters air
  • produces sound
2
Q

What are the main organs of the respiratory system?

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and the lungs

3
Q

What is the structural distinction of the respiratory system?

A

Upper respiratory vs. lower respiratory systems

4
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory system?

A

nose and pharynx

5
Q

What makes up the lower respiratory system?

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

6
Q

What are the functional distinctions of the respiratory system?

A

conducting zone and the respiratory zone

7
Q

What structures make up the conducting zone?

A

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and the bronchial tree (ends after the terminal bronchioles)

8
Q

What structures make up the respiratory zone?

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

9
Q

What is the function of the conducting zone?

A
  • Filters, warms and moistens air
  • Conducts that air into the lungs
10
Q

What is the function of the respiratory zone?

A

site of gas exchange

11
Q

What is the nose composed of?

A

bone (base) and hyaline cartilage (anterior)

12
Q

What are the important structures of the nose?

A
  • external nares (2)
  • nasal cavity
  • nasal septum
  • turbinates/ conchae
  • meatus
  • hard palate
  • internal nares
13
Q

What are the external nares of the nose?

A

openings for air to enter nasal cavity

14
Q

What is important about the nasal cavity?

A

it is lined with a mucus membrane

15
Q

What is the function of the nasal septum?

A

It separates the right and left nasal cavity

16
Q

What occur a lot bc of the nasal septum?

A

Nosebleeds

17
Q

What are the 3 types of turbinates/conchae?

A

Superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae

18
Q

What is the function of the nasal meatus?

A

increases surface area and warms and humidifies air

19
Q

what are the 3 types of meatus?

A

superior, middle and inferior nasal meatus

20
Q

what is the throat?

A

The pharynx

21
Q

What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
22
Q

Where is the nasopharynx?

A

between the internal nares and the soft palate

23
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A

between the soft palate and the hyoid bone

24
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx?

A

between the hyoid bone and the esophagus

25
Q

Where is the soft palate found?

A

Posterior extension of the hard palate

26
Q

Where is the uvula?

A

dangles inferiorly as an extension of the soft palate

27
Q

What is the purpose of the uvula?

A

aids in swallowing

28
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. Frontal sinus
  2. Maxillary sinus
  3. Ethmoidal sinus
  4. Sphenoidal sinus
29
Q

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

A

They are cavities that warm and moisten the air and drain into the nasal cavity

30
Q

What is the auditory tubes?

A

tubes that connect the ear to the nasopharnyx

31
Q

What are the 3 types of tonsils?

A
  1. Pharyngeal tonsil
  2. Palatine tonsil (2)
  3. Lingual tonsils (2)
32
Q

What tonsil is most likely to be removed?

A

Palatine Tonsil

33
Q

What surgery is the removal of the palatine tonsil?

A

Tonsillectomy

34
Q

What is the voicebox?

A

the larynx

35
Q

What is the opening into the larynx?

A

Glottis

36
Q

What are the 2 categories of cartilages found in the larynx?

A

Paired and Single cartilages

37
Q

Where are the paired cartilages of the larynx found?

A

on the posterior wall of the larynx

38
Q

What are the 3 types of Paried Cartilages in the larynx?

A
  1. Arytenoid Cartilage
  2. Cuneiform Cartilage
  3. Corniculate Cartilage
39
Q

What are the 3 types of Single Cartilages in the larynx?

A
  1. Thyroid Cartilage
  2. Cricoid Cartilage
  3. Epiglottis
40
Q

What is the largest cartilage in the larynx?

A

Thyroid Cartilage

41
Q

What cartilage in the larynx is responsible for the Adam’s Apple?

A

Thyroid Cartilage

42
Q

What cartilage of the larynx forms a complete ring around the neck?

A

Cricoid cartilage

43
Q

What specific type of cartilage are all the cartilages in the larynx made out of except for the epiglottis?

A

Hyaline cartilage

44
Q

What type of cartilage is the epiglottis made out of?

A

Elastic cartilage

45
Q

What are the structures of voice production?

A
  • Vestibular/ Ventricular Folds (False vocal cords)
  • Vocal Folds (True vocal cords)
46
Q

What cartilage is connected to the Vocal Folds (true vocal cords)?

A

arytenoid cartilages

47
Q

Define laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx

48
Q

What is the windpipe?

A

trachea

49
Q

Is the trachea anterior or posterior to the esophagus?

A

Anterior

50
Q

What muscle is found in the back of the trachea?

A

trachealis muscle

51
Q

What is found around the trachea?

A

rings of tracheal cartilage

52
Q

What is the function of the trachealis muscle?

A

changes the diameter of the trachea during inhalation and exhalation

53
Q

What are the top of the lungs called?

A

The apex

54
Q

What are the bottom of the lungs called?

A

The base

55
Q

What are the medial side of the lungs called?

A

The Hilum

56
Q

How many lobes are in the right and left lung?

A

right - 3

left - 2

57
Q

What lobe is missing in the left lung?

A

the middle lobe

58
Q

What additional thing is found on the left lung?

A

The cardiac notch = concave surface where the apex of the heart lies

59
Q

What is the function of the pleural membrane?

A

encloses and protects the lungs

60
Q

What are the layers of the pleural membrane?

A
  • visceral pleura
  • pleural cavity
  • parietal pleura
61
Q

What is the order of the bronchial tree?

A

trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

62
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found in the bronchial tree?

A

trachea through the tertiary bronchi

63
Q

Where is smooth muscle found in the bronchial tree?

A

from the tertiary bronchi all the way to the end

64
Q

Where does the conducting zone and the respiratory zone separate in the bronchial tree?

A

terminal bronchioles

65
Q

What type of cells are found in the trachea and the primary bronchi?

A

Pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium

66
Q

What type of cells are found in secondary bronchi?

A

simple ciliated columnar epithelium

67
Q

What type of cells are found in tertiary bronchi?

A

simple ciliated comlumnar epithelium –> simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium

68
Q

What type of cells are found in bronchioles, terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles?

A

simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium

69
Q

What type of cells are found in respiratory bronchioles?

A

simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium –> simple squamous epithelium (NO CILIA)

70
Q

what type of cells are found in alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli?

A

simple squamous epithelium

71
Q

What segment of the trachea splits into the right and left PRIMARY bronchi?

A

the carina