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Shaker > Respiratory System Module 3 > Flashcards

Respiratory System Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Movement of air into and out of lungs is called

A

Respiration or Pulmonary Respiration

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2
Q

Describe Respiration (in terms of O2/CO2)

A

O2 is obtained from the environment and delivered to cells and CO2 is transported from the cells to the environment

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3
Q

Takes place in the lungs (Diffusion of O2 into the bloodstream from the air in the lungs and diffusion of CO2 out of the blood stream to the air in the lungs)

A

External exchange of gases / Point of Pulmonary Circulation

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4
Q

Takes place in the tissues (Diffusion of O2 into the cells from the blood stream and diffusion of CO2 out of the cells and into the bloodstream)

A

Internal exchange of gases / Point of Systemic Circulation

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5
Q

Structures located outside the thoracic cavity

A 
(Upper respiratory tract) 
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
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6
Q

Structures located inside the thoracic cavity

A

(Lower respiratory tract)
Bronchi
Lungs

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7
Q

Nasal cavities are separated by the

A

Septum

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8
Q

Nasal cavities are lined with

A

Mucous membrane

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9
Q

Nasal conchae …

A

increases surface area and helps warm and humidify air

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10
Q

What are the functions of the mucous membrane

A

Warms air
Humidifies air
Traps foreign particles
Olfactory receptors

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11
Q

The opening of the nasal cavities are called

A

Nares

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12
Q

The throat is considered the

A

Pharynx

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13
Q

The superior portion of the pharynx located posterior to the nasal cavities is called the

A

Naso-Pharynx

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14
Q

The eustachian tubes…

A

open into the naso-pharynx and equalize on both ear drums

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15
Q

The extension of the palate that closes the naso-pharynx during swallowing

A

Uvula

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16
Q

The middle portion of the pharynx, located posterior to the oral cavity contains the palatine and lingual tonsils

A

Oro-pharynx

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17
Q

The inferior portion of the pharynx that opens anteriorly to the larynx and posteriorly to the esophagus

A

Laryngeal pharynx (opens to two different tubes)

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18
Q

Separates oral cavity and nasal cavity

A

Palate

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19
Q

The voice box also called the

A

Larynx

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20
Q

Cartilaginous structure that closes the larynx during swallowing

A

Epiglottis (Top of glottis)

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21
Q

Vibrates when air moves past them producing sound

A

Vocal cords

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22
Q

The space between two tubes is called the

A

Glottis

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23
Q

Forms the bulk of the anterior wall of the larynx, and serves to protect the vocal folds (“vocal cords”), which are located directly behind it.

A

Thyroid cartilage

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24
Q

Open areas in some of the bones in our skull, lined with mucous membrane and empties into the nasal cavity

A

Sinuses

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25
Q

Makes skull lighter, extra surface and are lined with mucous membrane, and adds quality to voice

A

Para-nasal sinus

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26
Q

Extends from the larynx to the upper part of the thoracic cavity. It is anterior to the esophagus. Has C-shaped cartilages to keep it open

A

Trachea

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27
Q

The trachea is Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium that is (size)

A

4-5 inches long 1 inch in diameter

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28
Q

Each main stem bronchus enters a lung at the

A

Hilus

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29
Q

Describe the bronchi

A

Main stem bronchus divides into secondary bronchi which divide into BRONCHIOLES which keep subdividing an getting progressively smaller referred to as the BRONCHIAL TREE

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30
Q

Decreases heart rate

A

Vagus Nerve

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31
Q

Main stem bronchi is referred to as the

A

Main stem bronchi

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32
Q

Ends at the alveolus

A

Alveolar duct

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33
Q

Extends from the clavicles to the diaphragm

A

Lungs

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34
Q

Right lung has how many lobes

A

3

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35
Q

Left lung has how many lobes

A

2

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36
Q

Lung tissue is very

A

elastic

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37
Q

Gets two layers to stick together

A

Pleural fluid

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38
Q

The functional units of the the lungs are the

A

alveoli

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39
Q

Site of gas exchange

A

alveoli

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40
Q

Surrounds the alveolus to allow it to conduct gas exchange

A

pulmonary capillaries

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41
Q

Respiratory muscles and Compliance are dependants of

A

Ventilation

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42
Q

What are the phases of pulmonary venilation

A

Inhalation and Exhalation

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43
Q

The capacity of the lungs to expand and contract is called

A

Compliance

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44
Q

CPR is an example of

A

Positive pressure

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45
Q

Nerve that originates in the neck and passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm. It is important for breathing, as it passes motor information to the diaphragm and receives sensory information from it.

A

Phrenic nerve

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46
Q

Considered the active phase of breathing intercostals CONTRACT making thoracic cavity larger

A

Inhalation (Diaphragm moves up Rib cage moves down)

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47
Q

Considered the passive phase of breathing intercostals RELAX making thoracic cavity smaller

A

Exhalation

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48
Q

The force that holds liquids together

A

Surface tension

49
Q

Force the makes the alveoli collapse

A

Elastic recoil

50
Q

Cells in alveoli make… lowers surface tension and allows alveoli to expand

A

Surfactin

51
Q

We give this to infants to help “first cry”

A

Surfactin

52
Q

Air that we inhale is what percent oxygen

A

21

53
Q

Air that we inhale is what percent CO2

A

0.04

54
Q

Air that we exhale is what percent oxygen

A

16

55
Q

Air that we exhale is what percent CO2

A

4.5

56
Q

Every 4 liters of Oxygen adds how much O2 to room air

A

4

57
Q

The movement of O2 and Co2 is called

A

Gas exchange

58
Q

Happens at the level of the alveolar membrane and the pulmonary capillary membrane

A

External exchange

59
Q

The alveolar membrane is moist allowing _____ to diffuse from the air in the alveoli into the bloodstream and ______ into the air in the alveoli (External exchange)

A

Oxygen .

Carbon Dioxide .

60
Q

Happens at the level of the cells in body tissues and the capillary membrane

A

Internal exchange

61
Q

_____ diffuses from the blood and ______ diffuses from the cells to the bloodstream (Internal exchange)

A

Oxygen .

Carbon Dioxide .

62
Q

Almost all Oxygen is transported by

A

Hemoglobin

63
Q

Oxygenated blood is ____ percent saturated with Oxygen

A

97

64
Q

Deoxygenated blood is ____ percent saturated with Oxygen

A

70

65
Q

Carbon dioxide is produced by

A

Cell respiration

66
Q

Most CO2 is transported by blood as

A

bicarbonate ion

67
Q

Carbon dioxide is the ____ in the blood gases

A

acid

68
Q

Respiratory arrest is also considered

A

hypoventilation

69
Q

Causes gain in CO2 causing blood to become acidic

A

Hypoventilation

70
Q

Arterial blood gas norm for Pa O2

A

80-100 mm Hg

71
Q

Arterial blood gas norm for Pa CO2

A

35-45 mm Hg

72
Q

Aterial blood gas norm for pH

A

7.35-7.45

73
Q

Arterial blood gas norm for Sp O2

A

96-100%

74
Q

We breathe on a

A

Hypercapnic drive

75
Q

Losing CO2 and deep fast breathing caused

A

Hyperventilation

76
Q

Less carbon dioxide in the blood will cause it to become

A

alkalinic

77
Q

Which organ is a major factor in buffer

A

Kidney

78
Q

Normal breathing is called

A

Eupnea

79
Q

The nervous control center that controls the rate and depth of breathing

A

Medulla Oblongata

80
Q

High carbon dioxide level

A

Hypercapnea

81
Q

Higher level of carbon dioxide in the blood will trigger

A

A breathe

82
Q

The volume of air that moves into and out of the lungs during eupnea and its norm

A

Tidal Volume (500 ml)

83
Q

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation and its norm

A

Residual Volume (1200 ml)

84
Q

Air you inhale forcefully is considered

A

Inspiratory reserve

85
Q

Air you exhale forcefully is considered

A

Expiratory reserve

86
Q

When the lungs lose elastic recoil blood will gain

A

CO2

87
Q

Rapid respiration is considered

A

Tachycardia

88
Q

Period of absence of breathing

A

Apnea

89
Q

Dyspnea relieved by changing position

A

Orthopnea

90
Q

Collapse of lung, losing area for gas exchange

A

Atelectasis

91
Q

Pnuemothorax

A

Stab wound need for chest tube

92
Q

Helps air get out without air getting in

A

Pluerovac

93
Q

Low respiratory rate causes

A

Gained CO2

94
Q

Rate of when you lose your breathe “as soon as you wake” vs “walk to the bathroom”

A

Dyspnea inexerhtion

95
Q

Need for a mask that uses positive pressure in individuals with

A

Sleep Apnea

96
Q

Normal effects of aging on Respiratory system

A

Loss of lung compliance
Diminished elastic recoil
Decreased respiratory muscle

97
Q

breathing refers to using a specific device to regulate the way that a person breathes. This is typically done when certain medical conditions cause difficulties. Air is pushed through a facial mask or an airway pressure system, and the air and gases within the lungs are then balanced and the breathing can return to normal. This type of breathing can help to eliminate life-threatening situations that can arise when there is not enough pressure in the lungs.

A

Positive pressure breathing

98
Q

Caused in humans by the contraction of the diaphragm, and the relaxation of intercostal muscles, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity, which the lungs expand to fill.
However, there is still the same amount of air in the lungs, albeit filling a larger volume, so it is at a lower pressure than initially, when it was equal to ambient air pressure.
As long as the airway is secured, air “flows” into the lungs along the pressure gradient, filling the lungs with air.
This is negative pressure breathing.
Amphibians force air into their legs by a process known as buccal pumping, literally forcing air into their lungs, against the pressure gradient. This system is inefficient, but they can also “breathe” across their skin.

A

Negative pressure breathing

99
Q

Larynx is made up of

A

Cardiac Muscle and Cartilage

100
Q

Larger airways have _____ to keep them open

A

cartilage

101
Q

Alveoli is to Lungs as Capillary is to

A

Blood vessel

102
Q

Pulmonary artery sends _________ blood to the heart

A

Deoxygenated

103
Q

Oxygenated blood goes into

A

Bloodstream

104
Q

Phrenic Nerve provides _______ and is a branch of the _______

A

Stimulation

Vagus Nerve

105
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation is more a ______ / _______

A

inhale

exhale

106
Q

INTERNAL GAS EXCHANGE occurs in

A

Bloodstream to cells

107
Q

Kidney produces ______ if O2 is low

A

Erythropoietin

108
Q

Air goes from the nares into the

A

Nasal Cavity

109
Q

Air goes from Nasal Cavity into the

A

Naso Pharynx

110
Q

Air goes from the Nasopharynx into

A

Oropharynx

111
Q

Air goes from Oropharynx into

A

Laryngeal Pharynx

112
Q

Air goes from Laryngeal Pharynx through the ______ into the ______

A

Glottis

Trachea

113
Q

Air goes from the Trachea into the

A

Bronchi

114
Q

Air goes from the Bronchioles into the

A

Secondary Bronchi

115
Q

Air goes from Secondary Bronchi into

A

Tertiary Bronchi

116
Q

Air goes from Tertiary Bronchi into

A

Alveolar Ducts

117
Q

During inhalation Diaphragm goes

A

Flat and Moves down (contracts)

118
Q

During exhalation Diaphragm goes

A

Dome shaped and Moves up (Relaxation)

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