Respiratory Tract Infections (the less special ones ya know what I mean) Flashcards Preview

Respiratory Conditions (JBR) > Respiratory Tract Infections (the less special ones ya know what I mean) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Respiratory Tract Infections (the less special ones ya know what I mean) Deck (35)
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1
Q

What is croup?

A

Viral laryngotracheobronchitis

2
Q

What are the symptoms of croup?

A

Stridor
Hoarse voice
Barking cough

3
Q

How do you manage croup?

A

(single dose of an) Oral steroid to decrease inflammation

4
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis

Severe croup in children aged 2-7 years - may progress to respiratory obstruction

5
Q

Epiglottitis is most commonly caused by?

A

H. influenza type B

6
Q

What are clinical features of acute epiglottitis?

A

Hot runny nose

7
Q

What are investigations/tests for epiglottitis?

A

Blood culture

CXR

8
Q

What would be seen on CXR for epiglottitis?

A

Thumbprint sign

9
Q

How do you manage acute epiglottis?

A

ITU

Ceftriaxone

10
Q

What is pertussis?

A

Whooping Cough

Acute tracheobronchitis

11
Q

What causes Whooping cough?

A

Bordetella pertussis

12
Q

What are the clinical features of pertussis?

A

Paroxysmal coughing for 2 weeks
Repeated violent exhalation with severe inspiratory “whoop”
Vomiting common
Residual cough for > month

13
Q

What are investigations/tests for Pertussis?

A

Perinasal swab

Serology

14
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for pertussis?

A

Erythromycin

15
Q

What causes the ‘flu?

A

Influenza A = pandemics

or Influenza B

16
Q

Which bacterium is a common secondary invader in ‘flu?

A

Haemophilus influenza

17
Q

What are clinical features of ‘flu?

A
Fever (high, abrupt onset) 
Malaise
Myalgia
Headache 
Cough 
Prostation
18
Q

Which investigations can be done for ‘flu?

A

PCR

Antibody detection

19
Q

What are possible complications of ‘flu?

A

Pneumonia

20
Q

What is the management for ‘flu?

A

Symptomatic

21
Q

Antivirals in ‘flu are only prescribed to?

A

High-risk of co-morbidities

22
Q

Give examples of antivirals used in ‘flu?

A

Osetlamivir

Tanamivir

23
Q

What is a possible prevention method of ‘flu?

A

Vaccine (to those at risk of complications and health care workers
Live attenuated vaccine - all children 2-17 yrs old

24
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

Bronchi inflammation and occlusion

25
Q

What causes over 90% of bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

26
Q

What are clinical features of Bronchiolitis?

A

1-2 years old

Fever, coryza, wheeze

27
Q

In severe cases, bronchiolitis can present with?

A

Grunting
Hypoxia
Intercostal/sternal undraping

28
Q

Which investigations can be performed for bronchiolitis?

A

PCR on throat

Perinasal swabs

29
Q

What are possible complications of bronchiolitis?

A

Respiratory and cardiac failure (more common in prematurity)

30
Q

How is bronchiolitis treated?

A

Supportive

31
Q

What is coryza?

A

The common cold

Acute viral infection of the nasal passages

32
Q

What are the main causes of coryza? How do they spread?

A

Mainly rhinoviruses
Also adenoviruses and RSV

Droplets and fomites

33
Q

What are clinical features of coryza?

A

Purulent nasal discharge

34
Q

What are possible complications of coryza?

A

Sinusitis

Acute bronchitis

35
Q

How is coryza managed?

A

Self-limiting

Rest and paracetamol