Respiratory Viruses 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Can macrophages engulf and kill viruses?

A

Yes- they CAN engulf and kill viruses

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2
Q

Which types of viruses are more easily destroyed- enveloped or non-enveloped?

A

Enveloped! They are generally easily destroyed by soap

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3
Q

Which serotypes most commonly cause disease in humans?

A

Most A

Sometimes B

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4
Q

Which two viruses can undergo reassortment?

A

Influenza and rotavirus

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5
Q

What accounts for the difference in severity of rotavirus in children vs adults?

A

Enterotoxic NSP4- age dependent ability to cause diarrhea

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

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7
Q

What are two of the most common causes of the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus

Coronavirus

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8
Q

What are two of the most common causes of croup?

A

Parainfluezna virus

Coronavirus

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9
Q

What are three common causes of viral pneumonia?

A

Influenza Virus
RSV
Adenovirus

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10
Q

What is the incidence of viremia in influenza?

A

Very low- the infection normally stays restricted to the lungs and airway

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11
Q

How do antibodies neutralize influenza virus?

A

The best antibodies block influenza HA activity. This prevents viral entry/ membrane fusion

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12
Q

What causes epidemic flu?

A

Antigenic drift - point mutations, particularly in HA spikes

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13
Q

Describe the genetics of the flu virus

A

Segmented RNA genome with 8 different segments

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14
Q

What causes pandemic flu?

A

Segmented RNA reassortment creates antigenic shifts responsible for flu pandemics

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15
Q

How do amantidine and rimantadine work?

A

They block M2 proteins

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16
Q

How do zanamavir and Oseltamavir work?

A

THey block neuraminidase

17
Q

How does viral shedding correlate with symptoms?

A

They are strongly correlated, but viral shedding may precede symptoms, and about 1/3 of affected individuals never show symptoms

18
Q

How does blocking M2 proteins inhibit viral replication?

A

M2 proteins are required for the release of RNA from the virion proteins.

M2 protein inhibitors block the virus at the entry stage