Respiratory Viruses

Question 1

Describe myxovirus in terms of alternate names, viral structure, symptoms, and transmission

Answer 1

Aka: Influenza virus

Structure: enveloped RNA virus (8 strands )

Symptoms: fever, runny nose, sore throat, mild cough, aches, muscle pain, generalized malaise, possible N/V in children

Transmission: droplets

Question 2

What has a higher mortality rate viral PNA or secondary bacterial PNA associated w/ myxovirus

Answer 2

Viral PNA has higher mortality rate (10%) when compared to secondary bacterial PNA

Question 3

What 2 surface antigens do we care about with myxovirus

Answer 3

Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuroaminidase (N) used for attachment and virulence

Question 4

How do the surface antigens (H and N) change in myxovirus

Answer 4

gene recombination and gene mutation

Question 5

Out of the 3 antigenic types of myxovirus what types are antigenically stable

Answer 5

Types B and C are stable

Type A have lots of recombinations and mutations (avian, swine, human subtypes)

Question 6

Can Rx be used for myxovirus infection

Answer 6

yes within the first 48 hrs to be effective

Question 7

How is the vaccine made for the flu

Answer 7

it is made with the 4 most common or significant antigens moving toward the USA

Question 8

Describe Rhinovirus in terms of viral structure, disease caused, symptoms, transmission

Answer 8

Structure: RNA virus

Disease: most prevalent agent of the common cold

Symptoms: runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough, fever is less common

Transmission: droplets and contacts

Question 9

Describe Respiratory syncytial virus in terms of other names,viral structure, disease caused, symptoms, and transmission

Answer 9

Aka: Human orthopneumovirus

Structure: RNA virus

Disease: can cause severe infection in children

Transmission: droplets and contacts

Question 10

Describe Corona virus in terms of viral structure, recent virulent variants, disease caused, symptoms, and transmission

Answer 10

Structure: RNA virus

Disease: 2nd most common agent of colds, COVID 19

Highly virulent variants: , SARS-CoV1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV2

Symptoms: fever, cough, SOB

Transmission: droplets

Question 11

What is the name of the disease caused by SARS-CoV2

Answer 11

COVID 19

Question 12

Where does the antigen spike of SARS-CoV2 attach

Answer 12

ACE-2 and NRP-1 (neuropilin 1) receptors

Question 13

What is the affect of SARS-CoV2 attaching to NRP-1

Answer 13

it silences the bodys pain signaling pathways to allow spread w/o inflammatory pain

Question 14

The pathology of SARS-CoV2 is d/t what

Answer 14

• higher exposure = higher virulence

- bradykinin storm causes blood vessels to expand and become leaky and leading to swelling and decreasing O2 uptake

Question 15

Describe parainfluenza virus in terms of viral structure, and disease caused

Answer 15

Structure: enveloped RNA virus

Disease: croup, bronchitis, cold-like

Question 16

Describe human metapnuemovirus in terms of viral structure, and disease caused

Answer 16

Structure: enveloped RNA virus

Disease: upper and lower respiratory tract infections

Question 17

Describe adenovirus in terms of viral structure, and disease caused

Answer 17

Structure: non-enveloped DNA virus

Disease: acute respiratory distress snydrome “ARDS” in military recruits, conjunctivitis, atypical PNA, GI dz

Question 18

Is there a vaccine for adenovirus

Answer 18

yes types 4 and 7, these cause ARDS in military recruits