Restorative Dentistry

Question 1

What are the indications for the replacement of missing teeth?

Answer 1

To Masticatory efficiency
Improve speech
Preserve or improve health of oral cavity
Prevent unwanted tooth movement vertical rotational tipping drifting
Improve distribution of occlusal loads
Space maintenance
Restore aesthetics
Prepare pt for complete denture

Question 2

How are resin bonded bridges classified?

Answer 2

Position; anterior or posterior

Retention.: macromechanical; micromechanical or chemical

Question 3

What are the different types of retention?

Answer 3

Macro mechanical
Micro mechanical
Chemical

Question 4

What are the advantages of resin bonded bridges?

Answer 4

Less expensive than conventional bridge or cobalt chromium partial denture or implant in the shorter arm

Minimal or no tooth prep required

No LA required as prep is in enamel

Potential for rebond if debond occurs

Question 5

What are the disadvantages of resin bonded bridges?

Answer 5

Tendency to debond
Especially if planning/preparation/placement technique poor
Creation of a natural emergence profile can be challenging especially in very resorbed ridges. Use of an ovate pontic can be helpful

Question 6

What are the indications for using resin bonded bridges?

Answer 6

Short span
Single tooth edentulous space

Sound abutment teeth or only minimal restoration

Sufficient heat to ensure sufficient surface area for acid etch bonding

Favourable occlusion

Question 7

What design is used for reían bonded bridges?

Answer 7

Cantilever

Question 8

Why is a cantilever design used for resin bonded bridges?

Answer 8

If a fixed fixed design is used and there is a debond of one retainer, caries can develop quickly and undetected under this retainer

Question 9

When may a fixed fixed resin bonded bridge be indicated?

Answer 9

If periodontal splinting is required or retention required following orthodontics

Question 10

What are the guidelines for preparing a RBB?

Answer 10

Single path of insertion
Provide near parallel guiding planes
Eliminating undercuts which allows coverage of maximal surface area for bonding

Provide space in occlusion to accommodate bridge

Question 11

What is the prevalence of CLP?

Answer 11

1:700

Question 12

What is the prevalence of CP?

Answer 12

1:2000

Question 13

What is the percentage presence of family history in CLP cases?

Answer 13

40

Question 14

What is the percentage presence of family history in CP cases?

Answer 14

20

Question 15

How is CLP classified?

Answer 15

Primary or secondary palate

Complete or incomplete

Bilateral or unilateral

Question 16

How does submucous cleft of the palate present?

Answer 16

Overlying mucosa is intact

Poor speech

Diagnosis often missed as only noticed when speech begins

Question 17

What is the management of unilateral complete CLP?

At birth

Answer 17

Prenatally/birth: reassurance, explanation, feeding obturator

Question 18

What is the management of unilateral complete CLP?

At 3- 6 months of age

Answer 18

Lip closure

Delaire or millard & or modifications Eg vomer flap are the most popular

Bilateral lip can be closed in 1 or 2 ops

Question 19

What is the management of unilateral complete CLP?

9 - 12 months

Answer 19

Palatal closure

Question 20

When is lip closure completed?

Answer 20

3 - 6 months

Question 21

When is palatal closure completed?

Answer 21

9 - 12 months

Question 22

How is lip closure completed?

Answer 22

Delaire or millard

Vomer flap

Question 23

How is palatal closure completed?

Answer 23

Delaire or Von Lamgenbeck

Question 24

Why may repair (of cleft palate) be deferred until pt is older?

Answer 24

Decreased growth disturbance

Speech development is adversely affected

Question 25

What are the clinical signs of chronic periodontitis?

Answer 25

``` Gingival inflammation Bleeding Pocketing Gingival recession Tooth mobility Tooth migration Discomfort Halitosis ```

Question 26

What are the clinical signs of gingivitis?

Answer 26

Classic triad of redness, swelling, bleeding on gentle probing are diagnostic Usually associated with c/o bleeding on brushing

Question 27

How is the clinical appearance of gingiva in health described

Answer 27

Knife edge margin Stippled appearance

Question 28

How is the clinical appearance of gingivitis described

Answer 28

Rounded shiny appearance

Question 29

Is gingivitis associated with bone loss?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Can probing depth > 3mm occur in gingivitis? Explain how these probing depths occur

Answer 30

Yes probing depth > 3mm occur in gingivitis if its chronic Increase in gingival size

Question 31

What are two reasons for increase in gingival size in gingivitis? (false pockets)

Answer 31

Oedema Hyperplasia

Question 32

How is the severity of clinical attachement loss classified ?

Answer 32

Mild 1-2 mm CAL Moderate 3-4mm CAL severe > 5mm CAL

Question 33

What % of sites which bleed will go on to lose attachement?

Answer 33

30%

Question 34

What is the aim of obturation ?

Answer 34

Provide a 3D hermetic seal to the root canal

Question 35

What is meant by hermetic seal in endodontics?

Answer 35

A restoration that Prevents reinfection of root canal Prevent the ingress of bacteria or tissue fluid which might act as a culture medium for any bacteria that remain in the RCT Incarcerate any microbes left in RCT

Question 36

What is meant by 'favourable' outcome?

Answer 36

Symptom free Functional tooth Clinically healthy tissues Radiographic evidence of healthy Periapicsl tissues or healing by scar tissue formation

Question 37

What is Reiter's syndrome?

Answer 37

Reactive arthritis

Question 38

What is the causative agent of Reiter's syndrome?

Answer 38

Unknown

Question 39

What are the symptoms of reactive arthritis?

Answer 39

Urethritis Arthritis Conjunctivitis Oral ulcers or erosiona

Question 40

Who is mainly affected by reactive arthritis?

Answer 40

Young males

Question 41

What is the serology of Reiter's syndrome?

Answer 41

Leucocytosis Increased ESR HLA B27 in 80% of patients