Retroviridae

Question 1

Retro-: Etymology

Answer 1

Retro: Reverse transcription

Question 2

Retro-: Morphology

Answer 2

• Diploid +ssRNA
• Helical + icosahedral capsid
• Enveloped

Question 3

Retro-: Resistance

Answer 3

Very sensitive

Question 4

Retro-: Biological properties

Answer 4

• Baltimore VI - Viral reverse transcriptase → Integration
• Oncogenic
• Strong CPEs

Question 5

Retro-: Antigenic properties

Answer 5

• Good antigens
• Hypervariable surface antigens
• Igs not effective against the integrated virus
  
  • Destruction of the immune system
• Cross reactions:
  
  • Specificity of proteins

Question 6

Retro-: Diagnosis

Answer 6

• Clinical symptoms
• ELISA
• IF
• PCR
• NA hybridisation
• AGID

Question 7

Retro-: Genuses

Answer 7

• Orthoretrovirinae
  
  • Alpharetrovirus
  • Betaretrovirus
  • Gammaretrovirus
  • Deltaretrovirus
  • Epsilonretrovirus
  • Lentivirus (lentus-; slow)
• Spumaretrovirinae (spuma-: Foamy)

Question 8

Alpharetro-: Examples

Answer 8

• Avian leukosis virus
• Avian sarcoma leukosis virus
• Rous sarcoma virus

Question 9

Betaretro-: Examples

Answer 9

• Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
• Mouse mammary tumour virus
• Monkey retrovirus

Question 10

Gammaretro-: Examples

Answer 10

• Feline, murine leukemia virus
• Viper retrovirus
• Reticuloendotheliosis virus
• Chick syncytial virus
• Duck spleen necrosis virus

Question 11

Reticuloendotheliosis virus

Answer 11

Chicken

• Immunosuppression
• Tumours

Question 12

Deltaretro-: Examples

Answer 12

• Bovine leukemia virus
• Human & primate T-lymphotropic virus 1-2
• Simian T-cell leukemia virus

Question 13

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV)

Answer 13

Cattle

• Leukosis
• Slow-developing lymphoid tumours

Question 14

Human T-Lymphotropic virus 1-2

Answer 14

Humans

• T-Cell leukemia

Question 15

Epsilonretro-: Examples

Answer 15

• Walleye dermal sarcoma virus
• Walleye epidermal hypoplasia virus

Question 16

Avian leukosis virus

Answer 16

Chicken

• Leukaemia
• Lymphoid tumours

Question 17

Avian sarcoma leukosis virus

Answer 17

Chicken

• Myeloblastosis
• Carcinoma

Question 18

Rous sarcoma virus

Answer 18

Chicken

• Mesenchymal sarcomas

Question 19

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma virus

Answer 19

Sheep

• Pulmonary adenomatosis (tumours in the lung)

Question 20

Lenti-: examples

Answer 20

• Equine infectious anemia
• Maedi-Visna virus
• Caprine arthritis-encephalitis
• HIV-1, 2 (Human)
• FIV (Feline)
• BIV (Bovine)
• SIV (Simian)

Question 21

Equine infectious anaemia virus (EIA)

Answer 21

Horse

• Anaemia
• Wasting

Lethal + Mosquito-transmitted

“Swamp-fever”

Question 22

Maedi-Visna virus

Answer 22

Sheep

• Maedi - Interstitial pneumonia
• Visna - Encephalitis

Question 23

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAE)

Answer 23

Goat

• Arthritis
• Lameness
• Encephalitis
• Paralysis

Question 24

Human immunodeficiency virus 1, 2

Answer 24

Human

• T-helper cell destruction
  
  • Immuno suppression
• AIDS, ARC (AIDS-Related Complex)

Question 25

*Spumaretro-*: Examples

Answer 25

* Foamy virus * Bovine- * Feline- * Equine- * Simian- * Chimpanzee-

Question 26

*Retro-*: Transmission

Answer 26

* Transplacental * Cell associated * Colostrum * Arbovirus