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Review > Review 8 > Flashcards

Review 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Lactam

A

Cyclic amide

  • Formed by ammonia/amine attacking COOH
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2
Q

Lactone

A

Cyclic ester

  • Formed by OH attacking COOH
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3
Q

Anhydride

A

COOH attacking COOH

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4
Q

What can reduce COOH?

A

LiAlH4 (strong reducing agent)

  • NaBH4 is not strong enough to reduce COOH, only aldehyde/ketone
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5
Q

Beta-keto acid can be decarboxylated under _____

A

Heat (spontaneous)

  • Lose C as CO2 - Anything w/ COOH and carbonyl two carbons over
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6
Q

Fatty acid (w/ COOH) + strong base => _____

A

Soap (saponification)

  • Long fatty tail nonpolar interior
  • Carboxylate polar exterior
  • Salt of carboxylate anion
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7
Q

Do strong or weak bases make good LG?

A

Weak bases

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8
Q

What type of molecule is ethyl acetate?

A

Ester

  • Somewhat polar
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9
Q

Fischer esterification

A

COOH + OH under acidic conditions

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10
Q

-oate suffix

A

Ester

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11
Q

React ammonia w/ anhydride => _____

A

Amide + COOH

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12
Q

Inclined plane magnitude of force perpendicular to plane

A

mgcos(∂)

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13
Q

Inclined plane magnitude of force parallel to plane

A

mgsin(∂)

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14
Q

Normal force in inclined plane

A

mgcos(∂)

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15
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

U = 1/2kx^2

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16
Q

Mechanical advantage

  • Efficiency
A

Fout/Fin

  • E = Wout/Win
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17
Q

Work formula

A

Fdcos(∂)

18
Q

Power

A

W/t = ∆E/t

19
Q

Strecker synthesis generates ____ from ______

  • Intermediates
A

AA from aldehyde, KCN, NH4Cl

  • Imine, nitrile, aminonitrile
20
Q

Gabriel synthesis generates ____ from what?

  • Types of reactions used
A

AA from potassium phthalamide, diethylbromomalonate, and an alkyl halide

  • Two Sn2, hydrolysis, decarboxylation
21
Q

Pyrophosphate

A

PPi - P2O7(4-)

22
Q

Phosphoric acid has ____ hydrogens

A

3 H - H3PO4

23
Q

As DNA is synthesized, it releases what kind of phosphate?

A

Pyrophosphate

24
Q

Deshielded aldehyde H-NMR chemical shift - Carboxylic acid - Aromatic ring

A

9.0 ppm - 11 ppm - 7 ppm

25
Q
  • Alkyl chemical shift
  • Alkene shift
  • Alkyne shift
A
  • 0-3 ppm
  • 4-6 ppm
  • 2-3 ppm
26
Q

In column chromatography, which polarity compound elutes first?

A

Less polar elutes first - Travels more rapidly due to nonpolar mobile phase

27
Q

What temperature of solvent is used for gravity filtration and why?

A

Hot solvent => keeps product soluble

28
Q

Zeroth law of thermodynamics

A

Same temp = thermal equilibrium

29
Q

First law of thermo

  • Formula
A

Conservation of energy

  • ∆U = Q - W

(W = work done by system)

30
Q

Second law of thermo

A

Entropy (universe goes towards disorder)

31
Q

Thermal expansion equation

A

∆L = aL∆T

  • L = change in length
  • a = coefficient of linear expansion
  • T = change in temperature
32
Q

Process functions (AKA non-state functions)

A

Work and heat - Pathway-dependent

33
Q

Oil and water separate into two layers after mixing: entropy increase or decrease?

Ink intersperses throughout water after mixing: entropy increase or decrease?

A
  • Neither: remains 0 (reversible)
  • Increase b/c more disordered (irreversible = positive entropy change)
34
Q

At constant volume, temperature and pressure are _____

A

Directly proportional

35
Q

Gauge pressure equation

A

P - Patm = (Po + pgz) - Patm

  • Depends only on density (p) of fluid, not of object
  • If pressure at surface = Patm => gauge pressure = pgz
  • Gauge pressure = total pressure beyond atmospheric pressure
  • P = absolute/hydrostatic pressure (Po + pgz)
36
Q

Pascal’s Principle equation (P, F, A)

A

P = F/A

37
Q

Buoyant force equation

A

mass of fluid displaced * g

p(fluid) * V(displaced) * g

38
Q

Relate work and voltage

A

W = ∆U = q∆V

39
Q

Magnetic field equation

A

B = uI / 2πr

40
Q

Electric field formula

A

E = kQ/r^2

F/q = E

Review (13 decks)

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