Review for Unit Test Flashcards
(8 cards)
Causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange
The Columbian exchange caused population growth in Europe by bringing in new crops from other countries which started Europe’s shift towards capitalism. However, Colonization disrupted ecosystems and brought over invasive species of animals while also bringing other species to extinction.
The influence of Martin Luther on the Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther started a movement that reformed basic parts of Christian belief which ended in the divide between Roman catholic and new protestant traditions mainly Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anabaptists.
Causes and effects of European expansion in the Americas
European expansion into the Americas was primarily driven by economic motives like looking for new trade routes, access to valuable resources like spices, and also the desire to expand their power. However, this caused a major decline in the Native American population due to the introduction of new diseases, land displacement, and the establishment of colonial societies based on European systems.
The main ideas/beliefs of the casta/encomienda system
The main ideas behind the Casta/Encomienda system were a strict social hierarchy that took place in Spanish colonies. Spanish settlers held the highest position, then followed mixed-race individuals based on their ancestry, and at the bottom were the indigenous populations who were then forced to provide labor and tribute through this system.
The causes and effects of Indian Ocean Trade
The Indian ocean trade was driven by the availability of valuable goods, the monsoon winds that facilitated maritime travel, and the spread of Islam. This led to the effects like the rise of coastal trading cities, cultural exchange, and the development of new blends of cultures across the Indian Ocean.
Causes and effects of African slave trade on Africa, Europe, and the Americas
The African slave trade was driven by the European demand for cheap labor on plantations in Americas which was caused by immense devastation in Africa through depopulation, social disruption, and political instability. This also drastically altered the demographics and cultural landscape of the Americas by introducing a large population of enslaved African people which ultimately led to a legacy of racial inequality and social disparities.
The effects of silver on global economics in the period of 1450-1750 CE
Silver acted as a primary currency that
Facilitated an interconnected trade network, particularly between Europe, Asia, and the Americas which led to significant
Economic expansion in Europe, booming trade in Asia, and major social and environmental impacts in silver
Producing regions like the Americas.
The causes and effects of the Renaissance
The Renaissance means “rebirth” was primarily caused by a renewed interest
In classical Greek and Roman learning which was fueled by the rediscovery of ancient texts, the rise of wealthy City-states in Italy, the weakening of Feudalism, and the Black Death’s impact on labor markets. Key effects
Include the development of humanism, advancements in art and architecture, and scientific discoveries.
