Review of the components of blood/ heart function (for unit 8)

Question 1

Contains 90% water and 7% blood proteins, the remainder contains hormones, electrolytes, amino acids, waste products, enzymes, and nutrients such as glucose.
-Primary function is to transport dissolved substances across the endothelium-lined walls of blood vessels. These dissolved substances can be exchanged with other substances in the interstitial fluid.

Answer 1

Blood plasma

Question 2

Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen

Answer 2

Types of blood plasma proteins

Question 3

Synthesized in the liver and maintain total blood volume by transporting water in the blood.

• Most abundant - 60% of plasma protein
• If the amount of these decrease, causes edema.

Answer 3

Albumins

Question 4

Alpha globulins
Beta globulins
Gamma globulins

Answer 4

Three types of globulins

Question 5

Produced by the liver, transport fats in the bloodstream. LDL (low density lipoproteins) remove cholesterol from the liver to body cells. HDL (High density lipoproteins) remove cholesterol from the arteries.

Answer 5

Alpha globulins and Beta globulins

Question 6

Function in the immune system as antibodies. IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM - these are specific formulas for defending the body against antigens present in disease causing microorganisms.

Answer 6

Gamma globulins

Question 7

A plasma protein that aids in blood clotting reactions. Interact to form fibrin.

Answer 7

Fibrinogen

Question 8

Inorganic compounds that separate into ions when dissolved in water. Sodium, chloride, calcium, potassium, phosphate, magnesium, bicarbonate.

Answer 8

Electrolytes

Question 9

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Specialized cells which do not have a nucleus, ribosomes, or mitochondria, and must, therefore, be synthesized in the body.
-biconcave shape

Answer 9

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Question 10

The body’s primary defense against invading microorganisms. Primarily produced by bone marrow. Found in blood, the lymph nodes, and specialized lymphatic tissues of the body.

Answer 10

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

Question 11

Largest blood cells, form macrophages (first cells to arrive at the site of an injury and release chemicals to attract other macrophages). Destroys invading microorganisms by engulfing the foreign cells and then releasing lysosomes that digest it.

Answer 11

Monocytes

Question 12

20-30 perfect of white blood cells. Help cleanse the body tissues of disease-causing microorganisms as well as remove decaying cells. T-cells, B-cells, NK cells.

Answer 12

Lymphocytes

Question 13

A group of specialized lymphocytes within the body.
-Crytotoxic- migrate from lymphoid tissue to the site of invasion, where they inject perforin into the invading microorganism. (main cause of rejection of organs)
-Helper- aids regulation immune responses. Works directly with B-cells.
-Suppressor- inhibit the immune system response.
Memory- used in the event that the same antigen presents itself again in the body.

Answer 13

T-cells

Question 14

Differentiate into plasma cells, which are able to produce antibodies found in blood plasma.

Answer 14

B-cells

Question 15

Seek and destroy foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses, ,and cancer cells.

Answer 15

NK cells (natural killer cells)

Question 16

A category of white blood cells named according to the method utilized to stain them.

Answer 16

Granulocytes

Question 17

A type of granulocyte, contain lysosomal enzymes and bactericidal compounds that lyse, or digest, microorganisms.

Answer 17

Neotrophils

Question 18

Phagocytic cells that contain lysosomes that digest phagocytized materials. Most likely to digest antibody-antigen complexes after neutrophils lyse microorganisms.
-contain the protein plasminogen, which helps dissolve blood clots.

Answer 18

Eosinophils

Question 19

Least common of the white blood cells. Release heparin and histamine.

Answer 19

Basophils

Question 20

Anticoagulant that prevents blood clotting.

Answer 20

Heparin

Question 21

Causes blood vessels to dilate.

Answer 21

Histamine

Question 22

Not cells. Flat, disc-shaped structures that act in blood clot formation. Membrane-enclosed packets containing enzymes that initiate the blood clotting process. Also form temporary patches in the walls of damaged blood vessels by clumping together. Contain actin and myosin proteins that reduce the size of the clot and pull the edges of vessel walls back together, preventing further blood loss.

Answer 22

Thrombocytes (platelets)