Revision 1

Question 1

4 complexes in primates

Answer 1

1. Grasping hands and feet
2. Several aspects of visual system
3. Large complex brains and associated behavior
4. Skeletal and dental features

Question 2

Grasping hands and feet

Answer 2

*Opposable thumb
*Sensitive tactile pads
*Power and precision grip

Question 3

Visual System

Answer 3

*Enhanced vision
*Stereoscopic vision
*Increased acuity
*Trichromatic vision

Question 4

Large, complex brains

Answer 4

Large brains relative to body size

Question 5

Big neocortex

Answer 5

*Central role in higher-order function
*Link between brain size and sociality and learning
*Makes up 50-80% of the brain

Question 6

Altricial newborns

Answer 6

*Primate infants less develoepd
*Social learning is important, dependent on mothers

Question 7

Skeletal and dental features

Answer 7

*Retention of clavicle and collar bone
*Retention of 2 bones in forearms and lower legs
*Reduction in # of teeth

Question 8

Number of teeth in ancestral mamals

Answer 8

3.1.4.3

Question 9

Number of teeth in Strepsirhines and NWM

Answer 9

2.1.3.3

Question 10

Number of teeth in OWM, apes, and humans

Answer 10

2.1.2.3

Question 11

Strepsirhini

Answer 11

Lemurs, Lorises, and Galagos

Question 12

Haplorhini

Answer 12

Tarsiers, Monkeys, and Apes

Question 13

Strepsirhine characteristics

Answer 13

*Only in the Old World
*Nocturnal(mostly)
*Wet nose
*Mobile ears
*inexpressive face
*Dental formula = 2.1.3.3

Question 14

Other Strepsirhine characteristics

Answer 14

*heel bone
*reduced upper incisors
*grooming claw
*dental comb

Question 15

Strepsirhine distribution

Answer 15

Africa, Asia, Indonesia

Question 16

Cheirogaleidae characteristic

Answer 16

*smallest primates

Question 17

Lepilemuridae characteristic

Answer 17

*Low metabolic rate

Question 18

Lemuridae characteristic

Answer 18

*scent marking

Question 19

Indriidae characteristics

Answer 19

*Loud wailing calls

Question 20

Daubentoniidae characteristic

Answer 20

*claws, long middle finger

Question 21

Lorisidae characteristics

Answer 21

*Slow movement, for arboreal life
*Some are venomous

Question 22

Galagidae characteristic

Answer 22

*Fast, agile leaping for tree dwelling

Question 23

Haplorhini characteristics

Answer 23

*All diurnal except Tarsiers and Owl monkey
*Dry noses
*Flatter faces
*Reduced hearing
*Expressive faces

Question 24

Tarsier characteristics

Answer 24

*Only found in SE Asia
*Large eyes and ears
*Elongated tarsus bone
*Monogamous or 1M-mF

Question 25

Platyrrhini

Answer 25

*Mexico, Central and South America *arboreal *have tails *variable color vision *2.1.3.3 dental formula

Question 26

Cebidae characteristics

Answer 26

*high cognition *tool use *vocal communication

Question 27

Pitheciidae characteristics

Answer 27

*strong pair bonds *colorful faces

Question 28

Callitrichidae characteristics

Answer 28

*claws *twins *male parental care

Question 29

Atelidae characteristics

Answer 29

*loud vocal communication *prehensile tails

Question 30

Aotidae characteristics

Answer 30

*nocturnal, large eyes *male parental care

Question 31

Cercopithecinae

Answer 31

*Baboons, macaques, quenons *Found in Africa and Asia

Question 32

Colobinae

Answer 32

*Colobus, langurs, leaf, odd nosed monkeys *Found in Africa and Asia

Question 33

Hominoidea (Apes)

Answer 33

*Largest brain to body size ratio *Longer gestation and maturation

Question 34

Hylobatidae

Answer 34

*Gibbons and Siamangs *Duetting *Suspensory locomotion

Question 35

Ponginae (Orangutans)

Answer 35

*Asiain Great Ape *Quadramanual

Question 36

Gorillinae

Answer 36

*African Great ape *Folivorous

Question 37

Jarman Bell Principle

Answer 37

Smaller animals have higher energy requirements per unit body weight

Question 38

Kay's threshold

Answer 38

primates > 500 g cannot be insectivorous