revision pp: bias

Question 1

Researcher Bias

Answer 1

Has the researcher influenced the outcome of the researcher in anyway?

Question 2

Design Bias-

Answer 2

Occurs in the planning phase – subjective criteria used to define participant groups (differences may then be arbitrary rather than statistically significant)

Question 3

Recall bias

Answer 3

bias that occurs when individuals in a study have to rely on their memory in order to answer certain questions.

Question 4

Selection bias

Answer 4

sample selection does not accurately reflect the target population

Question 5

Confirmation bias

Answer 5

This can occur when the data from the study, is interpreted by the researchers, and deemed to suggest what they want it to, rather than what it actually represents. This can be both consciously or unconsciously.

Question 6

Measurement Bias

Answer 6

a form of bias where those who are collecting data are aware of which groups participants are allocated to?

Question 7

Observational bias

Answer 7

Observational bias occurs when participants are observed as part of a study and this alters their behavior or responses to questions

Question 8

Publishing bias-

Answer 8

Sometimes studies that have negative findings, such as trials that have no real significant findings are less likely to be published in journals as they are thought to not carry any significant interest.

Question 9

Response bias

Answer 9

bias that occurs when individuals respond to a question in a study in a certain way because they think the answer they are giving is what the researcher wants to hear.

Question 10

Sampling bias

Answer 10

bias that occurs when the selection of a sample for a study may exclude certain groups of people in a systematic manner. Example: an online survey will exclude all those people who do not have access to the internet.