Risk factors

Question 1

Dopamine

Answer 1

Role:
Reward focus, looks where a reward can be found
Motivational salience
Motor function

Antipsychotics work on dopamine, will always also have an effect on motor movements

Question 2

Biological factors

Answer 2

Large genetic component
More men than women
Woman have a little more symptoms but remain better at social functioning.

Children of psychotic parents often have some hints.

Cannabis use.

Question 3

Aberrant salience model

Answer 3

Mental highlighter, due to elevated dopamine there are errors in assigning meaning/relevance to stimuli.
Innocent and unimportant stimuli are assigned significant meaning.

Delusions are then formed to explain the disturbed meaning.

Disturbances in dopamine systems cause disruption of motivational systems. reward of stimuli is disrupted causing negative symptoms.

Question 4

Social

Answer 4

Growing up in urbanized area
Minority group position (immigrants, hightened risks. dose-response)
Cannabis use
Developmental trauma

Question 5

Trauma (psychological)

Answer 5

Lot of trauma in psychotic disorder (50-98%). The experiences of psychosis are traumatic in itself.

In 90% of cases PTSD is not noted in patient file but is present.