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Virology PPT > RNA - SENSE > Flashcards

RNA - SENSE Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Orthomyxoviridae disease

A

Influenza Virus ( A,B and C)

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2
Q

Paramyxoviridae

A

a. Measles Virus
b. Mumps Virus
c. Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2

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3
Q

Rhabdoviridae

A

Rabies virus

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4
Q

Filoviridae

A

Ebola virus

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5
Q

Formerly known as Bunyavirus

A

Hantaviridae

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6
Q

(+/-) RNA

A

Reo

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7
Q

Double capsid

A

Reo

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8
Q

+ RNA via DNA

A

Retrovirus

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9
Q

Orthomyxoviridae size (influenza)

A

80 to 100 nm

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10
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE morphology

A

Large, pleomorphic, spherical, enveloped, single stranded, segmented and negative sense RNA

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11
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE transmission

A

Respiratory Droplets

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12
Q

Orthomyxoviridae spectrum of disease and incubation period

A

INFLUENZA OR FLU
1 to 4 days

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13
Q

Orthomyxoviridae complication

A

fatal bacterial superinfections (S. aureus and S. pneumoniae)
Reye’s syndrome

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14
Q

Orthomyxoviridae treatment

A

● Oseltamivir (DOC) and Zanamivir
● Amantadine and Rimantadine
● Vaccine (both influenza A and B)

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15
Q

Orthomyxoviridae
The envelope is covered with two different types of spikes:

A

Hemagglutinin
Neuraminidase

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16
Q

bind to cell surface receptors

A

Hemagglutinin

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17
Q

rod shaped spikes bound to cell surface receptor.

A

Hemagglutinin

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18
Q

facilitate the release of mature virions from
infected cell

A

Neuraminidase

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19
Q

Mushroom shapes spikes

A

Neuraminidase

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20
Q

Assist viral movement to the mucous to adjacent
cells

A

Neuraminidase

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21
Q

cause of the greatest number of serious acute
illnesses

A

Influenza

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22
Q

are only known to infect humans.

A

Influenza b and c

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23
Q

Distinguishing the 3 influenza based on

A

antigenic differences in the matrix protein or nucleoprotein

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24
Q

Antigenic shift occurs only in

A

INFLUENZA A

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25
Antigenic drift occurs in
all viral influenza virus
26
Worlwide epidemic (pandemics)
Influenza A
27
How many antigenically distinct types of hemagglutinin
16
28
How many antigenically distinct types of neuraminidase
9
29
Major outbreaks of influenza
INFLUENZA B
30
Does not lead to pandemic
INFLUENZA B
31
Mild respiratory tract infections
INFLUENZA C
32
Does not cause outbreak of influenza
Influenza C
33
Major change based on the reassortment of segments of the genome RNA
Antigenic shift
34
Example of antigenic shift
Human influenza a virus combines with swine influenza a virus
35
Sudden change in the molecular structure of a microorganism
Antigenic shift
36
Minor changes based on mutations in the genome RNA
Antigenic drift
37
Slow and proggressive change in the composition of the microorganism Altered immunological responses and susceptibility
Antigenic drift
38
Of all the Identification of Respiratory viruses,____________ is the gold standard.
RT-PCR
39
PARAMYXOVIRIDAE
a. Measles Virus b. Mumps Virus c. Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2
40
MEASLES VIRUS morphology
Enveloped, helical, non-segmented, ss negative RNA
41
MEasles virus transmission
Respiratory droplets
42
Measles virus measles pathogenesis
Measles virus > cell lining of the URT > blood > reticuloendothelial cells > blood to the skin > cytotoxic T-cells attack the measles virus infected vascular endothelial cells in the skin › rash › virus can no longer be recovered > no virus spread
43
Measles virus disease
Red measles, rubeola, "first disease”
44
Red measles, rubeola, first disease incubation period
Incubation Period: 10-14 days ( 4 days before and 4 days after the onset of rash infections)
45
Red measles, rubeola, "first disease” Features
Koplik spots
46
Red measles, rubeola, first disease Complications
otitis media, giant cell pneumonia, SSPE, bronchiolitis oblierans
47
Red measles, rubeola, first disease Cardinal Signs
(3Cs) : cough, coryza, conjunctivitis (+ fever) and Koplik spots
48
Measles virus diagnosis
Multinucleated giant cells (Warthin Finkelday bodies)
49
Measles virus Treatment and Prevention
● Vitamin A supplementation ● Measles vaccine ● MMR vaccine ● Post exposure prophylaxis
50
Mumps morphology
Enveloped, ss negative RNA helical symmetry; non-segmented
51
Mumps virus transmission
Respiratory droplets
52
Mumps pathogenesis
URT then spread through the blood and infects the: ● Parotid glands > Parotitis ● Testes > Orchitis ● Ovaries ● Meninges > Aseptic Meningitis ● Pancreas > Pancreatitis
53
Prevention mumps virus
MMR Vaccine
54
Parainfluenza 1 & 2 morphology
Enveloped, ss negative RNA helical symmetry; non-segmented
55
Transmission parainfluenza 1&2
Respiratory droplets
56
Parainfluenza 1&2 spectrum of disease
Laryngotracheobronchitis or croup ("Steeple sign" on X-ray)
57
Treatment parainfluenza
Racemic epinephrine
58
Rhabdoviridae
Rabies virus
59
Rabies morphology
Bullet-shaped, enveloped helical non-segmented (-sRNA)
60
Rabies virus transmission
Animal (dogs, cat, skunks, racoons and bat) - Via animal bite (retrograde transport)
61
Rhabdoviridae diagnosis
Negri bodies and imunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT)
62
Rabies treatment
Pre-exposure: ● Vaccine (PVRV or PDEV or PCEV - DO, D7, and D21/28) | Post-exposure: ● Vaccine +/- Immunoglobulin
63
Touching or feeding animals, licks on intact skin
Category 1 No treatment
64
Minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding or licks on broken skin and nibbling of uncovered skin
Category 2 Vacinne
65
Single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches; contamination of mucous membranes with saliva from licks; exposure to bat bites/scratches All Category Il exposures on head and neck areas
Category 3 Vacinne+ Immunoglobulin
66
Rabies incubation
2 weeks to 6 years (depending on the site of the bite)
67
Prodome of rabies
Nonspecific symptoms of fever, headache, sore throat, fatigue, nausea 1st rabies symptom: ● pain, itchiness, paresthesia
68
Rabies acute neurological
Encephalitis/Furious rabies Paralytic/Dumb rabies
69
Associated with heightened aggression and agitation
Encephalitic / Furious Rabies
70
Phobic spasms: hydrophobia, aerophobia
Encephalitic / Furious Rabies
71
Associated with lethargy and paralysis
Paralytic / Dumb Rabies
72
Occurs secondary to respiratory center dysfunction
Death due to rabies
73
Filoviridae
Ebola virus
74
Ebola virus transmission
Direct contact, fomites, infected bats or primates
75
Ebola virus Morphology
Enveloped, helical, non-segmented SRNA
76
Ebola virus natural host
Fruit bat (Pteropodidae family)
77
Ebola virus pathogenesis and disease
Targets endothelial cells, phagocytes, hepatocytes Abrupt onset of flu-like symptoms, diarrhea/vomiting, high fever, myalgia Can progress to DIC, diffuse hemorrhage, shock High mortality rate (100%)
78
Diagnosis ebola virus
ELISA, Antigen Test, RT-PCR
79
Treatment and prevention ebola virus
Supportive care; strict isolation
80
Formerly known as bunya viridae
Hantaviridae
81
Hantaviridae morphology
Large, spherical or pleomorphic, enveloped, single-stranded
82
Hantaviridae transmission
Exposure (inhalation) to aerosolized rodent excreta
83
Hantaviridae primary host
Deer mouse
84
Diagnosis hantaviridae
NAAT from serum whole blood bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or tissue serologic assays for hantavirus-specific IgM or IgG antibody
85
Treatment for hantaviridae
Currently there is no vaccine for hantavirus, and therapeutics are only in experimental stages

Virology PPT (7 decks)

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