RNA Viruses Flashcards
Reoviruses
Coltivirus
Rotavirus
unenveloped ds+RNA segmented icosahedral
Colorado tick fever
fatal diarrhea in children
Rotavirus
pathogenesis
who to not vaccine?
Reovirus (unenveloped ds+RNA segemented icosahedral)
villous destruction w/ atrophy => decreased absorption of Na & loss of K
h/o SCID or intussusception
Picornovirus
PERCH
enteroviruses & aseptic meningitis except?
unenveloped ss+RNA linear, icosahedral
P - polio - anterior spinal cord LMN death
E - echo
R - rhino (common cold, acid labile)
C - cocksackie (hand foot mouth disease; causes herpangia - mouth blisters & fever)
H - HAV - acute self limiting viral hepatitis
HAV and rhinovirus
Hepevirus
HEV
unenveloped ss+RNA linear icosahedral
fulminant hepatits in pregnant women
Calcivirus
Norovirus
enveloped ss+RNA linear icosahedral
gastroenteritis
Flavivirus
HCV Yellow fever (an arbovirus) Dengue St.Louis encephalopathy West Nile virus Zika virus
enveloped ss+RNA linear iscosahedral
West Nile virus - meningoencephalitis
Yellow Fever (an arbovirus)
transmission & reservoir
p/w
histology of liver bx
Flavivirus (enveloped ss+RNA linear, icosahedral)
aedes misquito; human & monkey reservoir
fever, jaudince, black emesis
councilman bodies - eosinophilic apoptotic globules
Zika virus
transmission outbreaks common where? p/w fetal effects dx tx
Flavivirus (enveloped ss+RNA linear icosahedral)
Aedes misquito; sexual and vertical possible
tropical & subtropical areads
conjunctivitis, low grade fever & pruritic rash
microcephaly or miscarriage
RT PCR or serology
supportive, no definitive
Togavirus
Rubella
Western & Eastern Equine virus
Chikungunya
enveloped ss+RNA linear icosahedral
Rubella
aka
p/w
congenital
Togavirus (enveloped ss+RNA linear icosahedral)
german (3-day) measles
fever, LAD, arthralgias, centripetal rash (head–>trunk & extremities)
TORCH infxn:
p/w sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts & congenital heart defects (ie PDA) + blueberry muffin rash (dermal extramedullary hematopoiesis)
Retrovirus
HIV
HTLV
enveloped ss+RNA linear (x2)
HIV - AIDS, conical capsid
HTLV - T cell leukemia, icosahedral capsid
Coronaviruses
enveloped ss+RNA helical
common cold, SARS, MERS
Orthomyxovirus
influenza
antigens
superinfxn but what?
genetic shift caused by? causes?
genetic drift caused by? causes?
enveloped ss-RNA helical
hemagglutinin - binds sialic acid => viral entry
neuramidase - virion progeny release
H flu S aureus S pneumo
recombination, pandemic
random mutation, epidemic
Paramyxoviruses
Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles
Mumps
virulence factor
Palivizumab
enveloped ss-RNA linear, helical
croup - laryngotracheobronchitis
bronchiolitis in babies
surface protein F (fusion protein) => resp epithelial cells for multinucleated cells
monoclonal ab against F protein - given as ppx to premature infants to prevent RSV pneumonia
Parainfluenza
antigens
p/w
imaging
paramyxovirus (enveloped ss-RNA linear, helical)
hemagglutinin (entry) and neuramidase (release)
croup - acute laryngotracheobronchitis
=> barking cough, inspiratory stridor, pulsus parodoxus if severe
XR - steeple sign (narrowing of upper trachea & subglottis)
Measles (rubeola) virus
p/w
histology
role of vit A
possible sequelae
paramyxovirus (enveloped ss-RNA linear, helical)
coryza, conjuntivitis, cough
=> Koplik spots (bright red spots w/ blue-white center on buccal mucosa)
=> maculopapular rash centripetal (head–>down)
lymphadenitis w/ warthin-finkeldey giant cells (fused lymphocytes) in background of paracoritcal hyperplasia
vit A can reduce morbidity & mortality, particularly in malnourished children
1 - SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, can be yrs later)
2 - encephalitis
3 - giant cell PNA in immunocompromised
Mumps virus
p/w POMP
can cause ____ after puberty
Paramyxovirus (enveloped ss-RNA linear, helical)
P - parotitis
O - orchitis (inflammation of testes)
M - aseptic meningitis
P - pancreatitis
can cause infertility
Rhabdovirus
histology
transmission
pathogenesis
p/w
enveloped ss-RNA linear, helical
bullet shaped virus
negri bodies in purkinjie cells in cerebellum & hippocampus
rat racoon bat dog bite; aerosol possible
long incubation period (can give post exposure ppx)
travels to CNS via dynein (retrograde) after binding AChR
p/w fever, malaise
=> agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, hypersalivation
=> paralysis, coma & death
Filoviruses
Ebola virus
transmission pathogenesis p/w dx tx
enveloped ss-RNA linear, helical
bodily fluids, fomites, infexted bats/primates, nosocomial
incubation - 21d
targets endothelial, phagocytes, & hepatocytes
p/w flu like sx, N/V/D, high fever, myalgia
=> DIC, diffuse hemorrhage, shock
RT PCR w/in 48hr of sx onset
supportive care only
