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Microbiology > RNA Viruses - Picornaviridae And Rhabdoviridae > Flashcards

RNA Viruses - Picornaviridae And Rhabdoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest RNA Virus

A

Picornavirus - 27-30nm

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2
Q

Picornaviridae family includes

A

Rhinovirus
Enterovirus

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3
Q

Route of transmission of Rhinovirus

A

Inhalation

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4
Q

Enterovirus family includes

A

Polio virus
Coxsackie
Enterovirus
Echo virus

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5
Q

Route of transmission of Enterovirus

A

Feco oral

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6
Q

Antigenic types of Polio virus

A

Type 1,2 and 3
Immunity is type specific

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7
Q

Which antigenic type of Polio virus is most commonly responsible for epidemics

A

Type 1

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8
Q

Which antigenic type of Polio virus is most antigenic

A

Type 2
No case reported since 1999
Vaccine derived

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9
Q

Type 3 Antigenic type of Polio virus is associated with

A

Vaccine associated Paralytic polio
No case reported since 2013

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10
Q

Dense antigen of Polio virus associated with

A

A/w whole virion
Type specific
Anti D antibodies are protective

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11
Q

Potency of Injectable polio vaccine is measured using which Antigen

A

Measured using D antigen units

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12
Q

C antigen of Polio virus is

A

Non protective

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13
Q

Incubation period and transmission route of Polio virus

A

IP - 7-14 days (1-2 weeks)
Transmission - Feco oral, inhalation

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14
Q

Reservoir, Carrier and Period of communicability of Polio virus

A

Reservoir - Humans
Carrier - None
Period of communicability - 1 week before and 2-3 weeks after appearance of signs and symptoms

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15
Q

Phases of Polio virus infection

A

1) Alimentary phase - enters oropharynx - small intestine - feces
2) Lymphatic phase - Cervical LN or Mesenteric LN
3) Viremic phase - enters blood
4) Neural phase - Crosses BBB - Cerebrum, Spinal Cord

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16
Q

How many percent of Polio infection goes subclinical

A

90% (via feces)

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17
Q

How many percent of Polio infection reaches to blood causing viremia

A

8% - Abortive polio
Causes fever, malaise, headache, vomiting

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18
Q

How much percent of Polio infection reaches to brain

A

1% - causes Non paralytic Poliovirus - Symptoms of meningitis
<1% - Causes paralytic Polio

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19
Q

Final site of Polio virus

A

Motor neurons

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20
Q

Earliest change in case of Polio virus infection

A

Nissl body degeneration

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21
Q

Assymetric descending flaccid paralysis (ADFP) clinical Features

A

Proximal > distal muscles
Bigger muscle of hands > smaller muscle of hands
Leg muscles > Arm muscles
Meningoencephalitis
Resp failure

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22
Q

Samples taken in case of Poliovirus infection

A

Throat swab
Rectal swab/fecal samples

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23
Q

Cell line used for Polio virus

A

Rhesus kidney cell line (Primary)

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24
Q

Cytopathic effect seen in case of Poliovirus

A

Shrinkage and Degeneration of cell lines

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25
Q

Antibody detection in case of Poliovirus infection

A

Paired sera at 1-2 weeks with increasing titre

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26
Q

Molecular methods used for diagnosis of Poliovirus infection

A

RT PCR
VP1 protein
Can differentiate between wild and the vaccine strains

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27
Q

Types of Coxsackie virus

A

Coxsackie A and B

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28
Q

Mode of transmission of Coxsackie virus

A

Feco oral

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29
Q

Serotypes of Coxsackie A and B

A

A - 1 to 24
B - 1 to 6

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30
Q

Coxsackie A is known to cause

A

Herpangina
Hand foot mouth disease
Acute hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis (Coxsackie 24) - Also Enterovirus 70

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31
Q

Coxsackie B is known to cause

A

Carditis
Bornholms disease/Pleurodynia/Devils grip/Epidemic myalgia
Hand foot mouth disease

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32
Q

Coxsackie Viruses can be isolated on

A

Brain of suckling mice
Coxsackie A - flaccid paralysis
Coxsackie B - Spastic paralysis

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33
Q

Herpangina Clinical features

A

Vesicular Pharyngitis - Vesicles in post wall of pharynx

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34
Q

Hand foot mouth disease Clinical features

A

On Child Hand foot and mouth - Papulovesicular lesions

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35
Q

Pleurodynia means

A

Infection of intercostal muscles - Pain

36
Q

Enterovirus 70 is known to cause

A

Acute hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis

37
Q

Enterovirus 71 is known to cause

A

Hand foot mouth disease

38
Q

Enterovirus 72 AKA

A

Hepatitis A virus

39
Q

ECHOvirus full form and Serotypes

A

Entric cytopathogenic human orphan virus
Serotypes - 1 to 33 except 10,22,23,28

40
Q

Clinical features of ECHO virus

A

Aseptic meningitis
Encephalitis
Common cold
Rash

41
Q

Rhinovirus serotypes, Acid stable or labile and immunity

A

100 serotypes
Acid labile
Immunity is type specific

42
Q

Rhinovirus comes and attaches to which receptor

A

ICAM 1 Receptor

43
Q

Incubation period, mode of transmission and optimal temperature for growth of Rhinovirus

A

IP - 2-4 days
Mode - inhalation
Optimal temp - 33°

44
Q

Clinical feature of Rhinovirus

A

Common cold

45
Q

Rhabdovirus includes

A

Lyssavirus - Rabies
Vesiculovirus - Vesicular stomatitis virus

46
Q

Features of Rabies virus

A

100% fatal
Bullet shaped virus
Enveloped
Negative sense RNA

47
Q

Which structure helps Rabies virus in Pathogenesis and neuro invasiveness

A

Glycoprotein spikes

48
Q

Features of Glycoprotein G in Rabies virus

A

Enveloped
Species specific
Plays role in vaccination

49
Q

Glycoprotein G of Rabies virus binds to which receptors

A

Binds to Ach receptors and induces neutralizing antibody

50
Q

Nucleoprotein of Rabies features

A

A/w viral RNA
Group specific
No role in binding and inducing antibody
Cross react with other rabies related virus

51
Q

Types of Rabies Virus

A

Street virus
Fixed virus

52
Q

Street virus AKA and features

A

AKA Furious rabies
Negri bodies seen

53
Q

Fixed virus AKA and used for

A

AKA Dumb rabies
Grown repeated in brain of rabbits
Used for vaccine preparation

54
Q

Pathogenesis of Rabies virus

A

Virus inoculation - viral replication in muscle - virus enters in peripheral nervous system and binds to Ach receptor - Passive ascent via sensory fibres (Retrograde axonal transport) - Replication in dorsal ganglion - Rapid ascent in spinal cord - infection of brainstem, spinal cord, cerebellum and other brain structures (NEGRI BODIES IN BRAIN +ve) - Descending infection via nervous system to eye, salivary gland, skin and other organs

55
Q

Organs affected by rabies virus other than brain

A

Salivary gland - M/C submaxillary gland
Eye
Skin and other organs

56
Q

Spread and source of Rabies virus

A

Source - Dog, monkey, sheep , goat
Spread - through bite or lick
Lick on abrasion
Inhalation from infected bat aerosol
Corneal Transplantation

57
Q

Spread of Rabies virus progess in axon at speed of

A

3mm/hr

58
Q

Speed of Rabies virus progess can be shorter in which conditions

A

Shorter height
Upper Limb bite
Children

59
Q

Clinical spectrum of Rabies virus infection

A

1)Short prodromal phase - 2 to 5 days
2) Acute neurologic phase - Furious rabies/encephalitis rabies or Dumb paralytic rabies.
3) Coma and death - 100% Fatal

60
Q

Phases seen in Furious rabies/encephalitis rabies

A

In 80% patients
Phase of Encephalitis - Hyperexcitability
Phase of lucidity - Slight improval
Phase of autonomic disturbances - Hypersalivation, Goosereflex, Arrythmias, Hydrophobia

61
Q

Dumb paralytic rabies features

A

Seen in partially vaccinated or Rat bite
Paralytic symptoms +
Cardiac symptoms not seen

62
Q

Antigen detection method used in Rabies Virus

A

By direct immunofluorescence

63
Q

Best specimen first Rabies infection in early and late stages

A

Early - from Nape of neck - hair follicles atleast 10
In later stages - Corneal impression smear

64
Q

Most sensitive and specific assay for diagnosis of Rabies

A

RT PCR

65
Q

Viral isolation methods used for diagnosis of Rabies

A

Animal inoculation
Cell lines

66
Q

Animal inoculation and finding in case of Rabies

A

On Brain of suckling mice - Negri bodies (intracytoplasmic bodies)

67
Q

Cell lines used for Diagnosis of Rabies

A

Chick embryo fibroblast (Primary)
BHK Cell line (Continous (
W138(sec.)

68
Q

When Antibodies are seen in CSF and blood sample in case of Rabies

A

CSF - More vulnerable , not seen in vaccinated person
Blood - appears late, A/b + in vaccinated person’s

69
Q

Antibody detection methods in case of Rabies infection

A

MNT (Mouse neutralisation test)
RFFIT (Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test)
FAVN (Fluorescent Antibody virus neutralisation test)
IFA (indirect fluorescence test)
HAI (Haemgluttination inhibition)
CFT (Complement fixation)

70
Q

Autopsy finding and Stain used for diagnosis of Rabies

A

Negri body
Stain - Seller stain
Immunoperoxidase stain

71
Q

Category A Patients and Prophylaxis for Rabies

A

Category A -; Touching/feeding, Intact skin contact with rabid animal
Prophylaxis - wound toilet

72
Q

Category ii and Prophylaxis of Rabies

A

Category ii - Minor scratches/abrasions without bleeding
Prophylaxis - wound toilet + vaccine

73
Q

Category ii and Prophylaxis of Rabies

A

Category ii - Minor scratches/abrasions without bleeding
Prophylaxis - wound toilet + vaccine

74
Q

Category iii and Prophylaxis for Rabies

A

Category iii - Transdermal scratch/bite, Licks on abraded skin/mucus, exposure to wild animals
Prophylaxis - Wound toilet + vaccine + Ig

75
Q

Wound toilet procedure in case of Rabies infection

A

Wash - soap, H20 for 15-20min
After Povidone I2 (Topical)

76
Q

Vaccine type and site of administration in Rabies infection

A

Type - Human diploid cell culture vaccine
Site - Adult - Deltoid
Child - Anterolateral part of thigh

77
Q

Regimes given for Rabies vaccine

A

IM - Essen regime
ID - Thai red Regime

78
Q

Essen Regime

A

Intramuscular
5 visits
1-1- 1- 1 - 1 (5 doses)
0-3-7-14-28 day

79
Q

Thai red Regime

A

Intradermal
4 visits
2-2-2-0-2 (8 doses)
0-3-7 and 28th day (not on 14th)

80
Q

Preexposure prophylaxis for Vet/Forest workers

A

1-1-1 (3 doses)
0-7-21 or 28th day im/id

81
Q

Reexposure prophylaxis criteria

A

If reexposure within 3 months - Wound toilet
If reexposure > 3 months - Vaccine.
1- 1
0- 3 day

82
Q

Immunoglobulins used for Rabies virus infection

A

Equine RIg @40IU/kg - more S/E
Human RIg @20IU/kg - less S/E
Usually infiltrated in or around wound

83
Q

Vector of Vesicular stomatitis virus

A

Sandfly

84
Q

Reservoir and clinical features of Vesicular stomatitis virus

A

Reservoir - Domestic animals
C/F - Vesicles in and around mouth

85
Q

Sandfly is Vector for which infections

A

Leishmania/Kala azar
Bartonella Bacilliformis (Oroya fever)
Vesicular stomatitis virus

Microbiology (37 decks)

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