RY2 JOL 15

Question 1

གོང་མ་
gong ma

Answer 1

n. the superior, the higher one; adj. 1) previous, earlier, former; 2)
that which is above; 3) imperial

Question 2

ཞལ་མཐོང་བ
zhal mthong ba

Answer 2

vi. to see the face of someone (usually referring to a deity or a master), to meet face to face with.

Question 3

དང་མཇལ་བ་
dang mjal ba

Answer 3

[H] མཇལ་བ་ vi. Means, “to meet with”, and what/whom is met with is marked by the particle དང་. Note again that because the agentive particle follows the nominalized verb (མཇལ་བ་), the nominal instrumental sense of that particle (see lesson two of the textbook) can be applied.

Question 4

སྣང་བ་
snang ba

Answer 4

vi. 1) to be seen, to be visible; 2) to be illuminated, to be brightened; 3) to appear

Question 5

དངོས་
dngos

Answer 5

actual, real

Question 7

ཐོག་མ་
thog ma

Answer 7

beginning n. beginning; what would འཐོག་མ་མེད་པ་ mean? This phrase functions as an adjective to འཁོར་བ་.

Question 8

བརྒྱུད་པ་
brgyud pa

Answer 8

This word has many meanings, including the sense of “stream”, “lineage”, and “chain of events”. Here it is used metaphorically with the word མདོ་ which comes up next. We can understand this to mean that a certain stream, or chain of events, has led to
certain མདོ་, or “confluences”.

Question 9

མདོ་
mdo

Answer 9

n. confluence, junction, meeting (Skt. sūtra); In this use, doubling the words gives it a plural sense (“different confluences”), because we’re talking about people in general. Also, the ལ་དོན་ indicates time.

Question 10

འོང་
‘ong

Answer 10

subsequently. This is the same as ཡོང་བ་, “to come”. This is often used (as it is here) as an auxiliary verb to indicate a future tense or, in line with that meaning, a situation that might, should, or must be the case.