SA Fractures Flashcards by D. M.

Q

A

Normal: nutrient foramen

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Normal: nutrient foramen

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Normal: nutrient foramen

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Q

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Normal: physis
During growth

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Normal: sesamoids

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Normal: sesamoids

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Q

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Complete fracture

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Q

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Incomplete fracture

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Q

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Greenstick fracture

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Q

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Fissure fracture: incomplete fractures that originate at a complete fracture

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Q

Label the following directional terms for bone

A

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Q

When describing a fracture what must be mentioned?

A

Articular involvement
If juvenile with open physes, must mention physeal involvement

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Q

What are Salter-Harris classifications used to describe?

A

Fractures in young patients with open physes

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

A

I
Physis
Separated

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

A

II
Physis + Metaphysis
Above

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

A

III
Physis + Epiphysis
Articular
Lower

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

A

IV
Physis + Metaphysis + Epiphysis
Articular
Through and through

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

A

V
Physis crushed
Rammed

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

A

Type I
Tibia and fibula

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Q

What Salter-Harris classification?

A

Type II

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Q

Open or closed?

A

Open
Arrows = gas bubbles

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Q

Open or closed?

A

Open
Arrows = gas bubbles

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Q

How are displaced fractures described?

A

In terms of most distal fragment relative to most proximal fragment

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Q

Displacement description

Study These Flashcards

A

Laterally and proximally displaced

Displacement description

Caudally and proximally displaced

Comminuted fracture

Comminuted fracture

Short oblique fracture

Segmental fracture *Two complete fractures with a fracture segment in the middle*

Butterfly fragment *Triangle fragment made by two oblique fractures*

Butterfly fragment

Butterfly fragment

What does an acute fracture look like?

Sharp fracture fragments Soft tissue swelling

What does a chronic fracture look like?

Rounded margins Less swelling Some early calus/periosteal proliferation May have muscle atrophy

Chronicity?

Acute

Chronicity?

Chronic

What does a traumatic fracture look like?

Adjacent bone is normal

What does a pathologic fracture look like?

Acute fracture with less bone in the area than there should be

Humeral condyl fracture *Dogs, pot belly pigs*

Humeral condyle fracture due to incomplete ossification of humeral condyle (IOHC) *Spaniel breeds*

Avulsion fracture of tibial tuberosity

Define: Avulsion fracture

Attaching tendon/ligament pulls fragment of bone

Capital physeal fracture

Capital physeal fracture *Displacement may be invisible on standard views*

What are the clinical signs of osteomyelitis?

Heat Swelling Increased lameness

What are the radiographic signs of osteomyelitis?

*7-10d post-infection* Irregular callus, bone lysis Common around implants

Osteomyelitis

Sequestrum

Sequestrum

Sequestrum v involucrum

Involucrum: new bone around sequestrum Sequestrum: dead bone, sclerotic

Malunion

Malunion

Define: Malunion

Healed in abnormal alignment

Define: Delayed Union

Healing taking longer than usual

Define: Non-Union

Not making any progress toward healing

Hypertrophic non-union *Lots of proliferation, no bridging bone*

Atrophic non-union *Bone resorbing at edges*