SA Joints

Question 1

What are the 7 radiographic signs of osteoarthrosis?

Answer 1

1. Joint capsule swelling
2. Narrowed joint space
3. Subchondral bone sclerosis
4. Subchondral bone erosion
5. Osteophytes
6. Periarticular enthesophytes
7. Changes in joint margins/shape

Question 2

Answer 2

Osetoarthrosis
Joint capsule swelling

Question 3

Answer 3

Tarsocrural effusion

Question 4

Answer 4

Osteoarthrosis - Osteophytes
Osseous proliferation at the edge of the articular cartilage

Question 5

Answer 5

Osteoarthrosis - Osteophytes
Moderate

Question 6

Define: Enthesophyte

Answer 6

Osseous proliferation at the insertion of a joint capsule, ligament, or tendon
Increased stress to joint adjacent structures from chronic joint disease

Question 7

Answer 7

Enthesophyte indicating flexor enthesopathy
Osteoarthrosis

Question 8

Answer 8

Osteoarthrosis - Subchondral Bone Sclerosis

Question 9

Answer 9

Osteoarthrosis - Subchondral Bone Erosion

Question 10

Answer 10

Osteoarthrosis - flattening of femoral head and thickening of neck

Question 11

Answer 11

Mild hip osteoarthrosis

Question 12

Answer 12

Mild to moderate osteoarthrosis

Question 13

Answer 13

Severe osteoarthrosis

Question 14

Define: Osteochondrosis and Osteochondrosis Dissecans

Answer 14

Osteochondrosis: developmental defect in cartilage and subchondral bone
OCD: as above, but also a flap of cartilage dissects away, either partially or completely, causing inflammation in the joint

Question 15

What are the 3 radiographic signs of osteochondrosis?

Answer 15

1. Flat subchondral bone or concave lucent defect
2. Commonly bilateral
3. Surrounding bone sclerosis

Question 16

What are the common regions for osteochondrosis?

Answer 16

Shoulder - caudal aspect of humeral head
Elbow - medial aspect of humeral condyle
Stifle - femoral condyles
Tarsus - trochlear ridges of talus

Question 17

Answer 17

Osteochondrosis of caudal aspect of humeral head

Question 18

Answer 18

Osteochondrosis of medial aspect of humeral condyle

Question 19

Answer 19

Osteochondrosis of medial femoral condyle

Question 20

What radiographic projection can be used to demonstrate joint instability?

Answer 20

Stress views

Question 21

Answer 21

Joint instability of lateral collateral ligaments

Question 22

Answer 22

Joint instability - carpal hyperextension

Question 23

Define: Luxation

Answer 23

Complete loss of contact between articular margins

Question 24

Define: Subluxation

Answer 24

Displacement - contact of articular margins that normally don’t OR
Excessive stretching of joint capsule OR
Abnormal shape of joint surface - cannot make normal contact

Question 25

Answer 25

Hip luxation

Question 26

Answer 26

Hip luxation

Question 27

Answer 27

Hip subluxation

Question 28

What is indicative of normal hip joints?

Answer 28

>50% coverage of femoral head by dorsal acetabular rim

Question 29

What causes hip dysplasia? What are the effects?

Answer 29

Cause: increased laxity of hip joints Effect: flattened femoral head, shallow acetabulum, secondary osteoarthrosis

Question 30

Answer 30

Hip dysplasia

Question 31

Answer 31

Hip dysplasia - hip subluxation

Question 32

What causes elbow dysplasia?

Answer 32

Ununited anconeal process Elbow incongruity Medial coronoid process disease (+/- fragmentation)

Question 33

Answer 33

Elbow dysplasia - ununited anconeal process

Question 34

Answer 34

Elbow dysplasia - ununited anconeal process

Question 35

Answer 35

Elbow dysplasia - humeroulnar incongruity

Question 36

Answer 36

Elbow dysplasia - radioulnar incongruity

Question 37

Answer 37

Elbow dysplasia - indistinct medial coronoid process

Question 38

Answer 38

Septic arthritis

Question 39

What are the radiographic signs of non-erosive IMPA?

Answer 39

Multiple, usually symmetric joints Joint capsule swelling +/- osteoarthrosis

Question 40

What are the radiographic signs of erosive (early) IMPA?

Answer 40

*Mild subchondral bone lysis* Multiple, usually symmetric joints Joint capsule swelling +/- osteoarthrosis

Question 41

What are the radiographic signs of erosive (late) IMPA?

Answer 41

*Severe subchondral bone lysis* Multiple, usually symmetric joints Joint capsule swelling *Severe osteoarthrosis* Narrowed joint spaces Joint instability Collapse of cuboidal bones

Question 42

Answer 42

Non-erosive IMPA

Question 43

Answer 43

Erosive, severe, chronic IMPA

Question 44

How can you tell the difference between septic arthritis and erosive IMPA?

Answer 44

Joint tap