Science - Body Coordination: 7.2 Flashcards
Central Nervous System
Brain & Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Other Nerves (not brain or spinal cord)
Neuron Composition (left to right)
- Dendrite
- Cell Body
- Nucleus
- Axon
- Myelin Sheath
- Schwann Cells
- Node of Ranvier
- Axon Terminals
- Synapses
Three Types of Neurons
- Sensory (to CNS)
- Connector (within CNS)
- Motor (away from CNS)
Receptors
- Pain receptor (mostly skin)
- Mechanoreceptor (touch, pressure, sound, motion)
- Chemoreceptor (smell, taste)
- Photoreceptor (sight)
- Thermoreceptor (sensitive to temperature)
Brain Lobes
- Frontal Lobe (movement, thought, emotion)
- Parietal Lobe (touch)
- Occipital Lobe (visual)
- Temporal Lobe (audio, language comprehension)
Parts of the Brain
- Cerebrum (main chunk)
- Cerebellum (balance, coordination)
- Brain Stem & Medulla (vital involuntary functions)
Two Responses to Stimuli
- Reaction (brain)
- Reflex (spinal cord)
Peripheral Nervous System Divisions
- Somatic (voluntary skeletal & muscles)
- Autonomic (involuntary systems)
Autonomic Nervous System Divisions
Sympathetic (fight or flight)
- Pupils dilate
- Bronchioles dilate
- Heart rate increases
- Slow digestion
Parasympathetic (rest and digest)
- Pupils constrict
- Bronchioles constrict
- Heart rate slows
- Normal digestion
Stimulus Response Model
Stimulus > Receptor > Sensory Neuron > Control Centre > Motor Neuron > Effector > Response
What is the brain made up of?
White (myelinated axons cluster) and Grey (cell bodies) matter
How are signals passed along neurons?
Action potential travels through neuron and activates neurotransmitter chemicals at the synapse to trigger the next neuron to start an electrical signal of its own.
Cerebrum
- Folded for surface area
- 80% of brain
- Voluntary movement
- Regulates temperature
- Complex thought
- Hemispheres operate opposite sides of the body
Dendrite
Receives messages from other nerve cells
