science is an open system

Question 1

falsification (popper)

AO3

Answer 1

• disproving theories allows scientific knowledge to grow
• always changing and improving
• open to criticism and testing by others

the velikovsky affair

Question 2

paradigm shift

Answer 2

• scientific revolution - moving away from the paradigm, e.g. believing earth was flat

Question 3

cudos norms

Answer 3

• set of norms explaining the open system
• communism - scientists must share with the scientific community for knowledge to grow
• universalism - scientific knowledge is judged by a universal criteria